1. Case Study: A 30-year-old male presents with acute severe
abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. He has a history of alcohol
abuse.
Question: Which organ is most likely involved in this patient’s
symptoms?
A. Liver
B. Pancreas
C. Gallbladder
D. Spleen
Answer: B. Pancreas
Rationale: Acute pancreatitis, which can be caused by alcohol
abuse, often presents with severe abdominal pain, nausea, and
vomiting.
2. Case Study: A 45-year-old male presents with abdominal pain,
bloating, and diarrhea. He has a family history of colon cancer.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
B. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
C. Colon cancer
D. Lactose intolerance
Answer: B. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
Rationale: Inflammatory bowel disease, including Crohn’s disease
and ulcerative colitis, presents with abdominal pain, diarrhea, and
bloating, and it has a strong genetic component.
3. Case Study: A 28-year-old male presents with sudden severe
headache, nausea, and vomiting. His blood pressure is elevated,
and there is neck stiffness.
Question: What is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
A. Migraine
,B. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
C. Tension headache
D. Meningitis
Answer: B. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Rationale: A subarachnoid hemorrhage presents with sudden
severe headache, nausea, vomiting, and neck stiffness due to
bleeding in the space around the brain.
4. Case Study: A 32-year-old female presents with irregular
menstrual cycles, hirsutism, and acne.
Question: What condition is most likely causing her symptoms?
A. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
B. Hyperthyroidism
C. Addison's disease
D. Cushing's syndrome
Answer: A. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Rationale: PCOS is a common endocrine disorder that leads to
irregular menstrual cycles, excess hair growth (hirsutism), and
acne due to elevated androgen levels.
5. Case Study: A 70-year-old male presents with difficulty moving
his legs, tremors, and a shuffling gait.
Question: What condition is most likely causing these symptoms?
A. Parkinson’s disease
B. Multiple sclerosis
C. Alzheimer’s disease
D. Stroke
Answer: A. Parkinson’s disease
Rationale: Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder
characterized by tremors, bradykinesia (slow movement), and a
shuffling gait.
6. Case Study: A 30-year-old female with a history of frequent
, urination and extreme thirst is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes
mellitus.
Question: Which organ is primarily involved in the regulation of
her blood sugar levels?
A. Pancreas
B. Liver
C. Kidney
D. Small intestine
Answer: A. Pancreas
Rationale: The pancreas produces insulin, which regulates blood
glucose levels. In type 1 diabetes, the body fails to produce insulin
due to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells.
7. Case Study: A 30-year-old male presents with back pain and a
limited range of motion. His blood tests show high ESR
(erythrocyte sedimentation rate).
Question: What condition is most likely causing his symptoms?
A. Osteoarthritis
B. Ankylosing spondylitis
C. Rheumatoid arthritis
D. Lumbar strain
Answer: B. Ankylosing spondylitis
Rationale: Ankylosing spondylitis is a type of arthritis that
primarily affects the spine, causing back pain and stiffness. It is
associated with a high ESR.
8. Case Study: A 60-year-old male presents with sudden, severe
chest pain that radiates to the left arm and jaw, sweating, and
shortness of breath.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Myocardial infarction
B. Angina pectoris
C. Aortic dissection
abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. He has a history of alcohol
abuse.
Question: Which organ is most likely involved in this patient’s
symptoms?
A. Liver
B. Pancreas
C. Gallbladder
D. Spleen
Answer: B. Pancreas
Rationale: Acute pancreatitis, which can be caused by alcohol
abuse, often presents with severe abdominal pain, nausea, and
vomiting.
2. Case Study: A 45-year-old male presents with abdominal pain,
bloating, and diarrhea. He has a family history of colon cancer.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
B. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
C. Colon cancer
D. Lactose intolerance
Answer: B. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
Rationale: Inflammatory bowel disease, including Crohn’s disease
and ulcerative colitis, presents with abdominal pain, diarrhea, and
bloating, and it has a strong genetic component.
3. Case Study: A 28-year-old male presents with sudden severe
headache, nausea, and vomiting. His blood pressure is elevated,
and there is neck stiffness.
Question: What is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
A. Migraine
,B. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
C. Tension headache
D. Meningitis
Answer: B. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Rationale: A subarachnoid hemorrhage presents with sudden
severe headache, nausea, vomiting, and neck stiffness due to
bleeding in the space around the brain.
4. Case Study: A 32-year-old female presents with irregular
menstrual cycles, hirsutism, and acne.
Question: What condition is most likely causing her symptoms?
A. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
B. Hyperthyroidism
C. Addison's disease
D. Cushing's syndrome
Answer: A. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Rationale: PCOS is a common endocrine disorder that leads to
irregular menstrual cycles, excess hair growth (hirsutism), and
acne due to elevated androgen levels.
5. Case Study: A 70-year-old male presents with difficulty moving
his legs, tremors, and a shuffling gait.
Question: What condition is most likely causing these symptoms?
A. Parkinson’s disease
B. Multiple sclerosis
C. Alzheimer’s disease
D. Stroke
Answer: A. Parkinson’s disease
Rationale: Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder
characterized by tremors, bradykinesia (slow movement), and a
shuffling gait.
6. Case Study: A 30-year-old female with a history of frequent
, urination and extreme thirst is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes
mellitus.
Question: Which organ is primarily involved in the regulation of
her blood sugar levels?
A. Pancreas
B. Liver
C. Kidney
D. Small intestine
Answer: A. Pancreas
Rationale: The pancreas produces insulin, which regulates blood
glucose levels. In type 1 diabetes, the body fails to produce insulin
due to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells.
7. Case Study: A 30-year-old male presents with back pain and a
limited range of motion. His blood tests show high ESR
(erythrocyte sedimentation rate).
Question: What condition is most likely causing his symptoms?
A. Osteoarthritis
B. Ankylosing spondylitis
C. Rheumatoid arthritis
D. Lumbar strain
Answer: B. Ankylosing spondylitis
Rationale: Ankylosing spondylitis is a type of arthritis that
primarily affects the spine, causing back pain and stiffness. It is
associated with a high ESR.
8. Case Study: A 60-year-old male presents with sudden, severe
chest pain that radiates to the left arm and jaw, sweating, and
shortness of breath.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Myocardial infarction
B. Angina pectoris
C. Aortic dissection
