Anxiety & Related Disorders – Lecture Notes
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Week 1 ............................................................................................................................................... 2
Lecture: Emotional Theory & Anxiety Related Disorders ......................................................... 2
Week 2 ............................................................................................................................................. 12
Lecture: Social Anxiety Disorder ......................................................................................... 12
Week 3 ............................................................................................................................................. 22
Lecture: Specific Phobia & Conditioning Models .................................................................. 22
Week 4 ............................................................................................................................................. 35
Lecture: Generalized Anxiety disorder ................................................................................. 35
Week 5 ............................................................................................................................................. 46
Lecture: Panic Disorder ...................................................................................................... 46
Week 6 ............................................................................................................................................. 59
Lecture: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder.............................................................................. 59
Week 7 ............................................................................................................................................. 71
Lecture: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ............................................................................... 71
Week 8 ............................................................................................................................................. 80
Lecture: Transdiagnostic Process & Complexity of Anxiety Disorders ..................................... 80
Test Information ................................................................................................................................ 95
,WEEK 1
LECTURE: EMOTIONAL THEORY & ANXIETY RELATED DISORDERS
What is an emotion:
• Sense of purpose = emotions have a sense of function (back to basics: survival)
o Anxiety => something that could be potentially threatening (but exaggerated)
• Subjective (a personal experience)
• Being experienced in terms of bodily and behavioural response
→ No scientific consensus on what an emotion is
• But Agree on that there are some “basic emotions”
o Happy
o Anxious
o Sad
o Angry
o Ashamed
2
, • → ANXIETY IS AN EMOTION
Emotion is more than a feeling:
• A) Physicological aspects
• B) Cognitive aspects
o Concious (expirence/feeling)
o Unconscious
• C) Motor aspects
• → “Loosely coupled systems” (concordant/diconcordant)
o = not exclusively that one emotion is couples with one behaviour/sensation (they are
mixed)
Related concepts:
• = Mood, attitude, and temperament
→ Salience => temporal dimension
• Two dimensions:
3
, → Emotions have a function
• “When something is at stake”
• Adapt behaviour (to for example being scared or not scared)
• Action tendencies (by Frijda) = Stimulus → Experience → action tendency → function
o Examples:
o Lower energy → hunger → Consumption of food → energy
o Sexual arousal → Lust/desire → Sex/intercourse → reproduction
o Threat → anxiety → Fight/flight (freeze) → Escape from threat
SCHACHTER-SINGER THE TWO-FACTOR THEORY OF EMOTIONS
• Physiological arousal → cognitive interpretation (appraisal) → fight or flight (response)
• Physiological arousal determines the intensity of the emotion
• Cognitive appraisal = Thought, labelling the stimulus + immediate experience of physiological
response
• “Chicken or egg” Concept of stimulus and appraisal (regarding order)
→ no one truct (depend on the “glasses” you put on). There are several perspective that interact or overlap.
FIGHT OR FLIGHT RESPONSE = FIGHT, FREEZE OR FLIGHT
4
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Week 1 ............................................................................................................................................... 2
Lecture: Emotional Theory & Anxiety Related Disorders ......................................................... 2
Week 2 ............................................................................................................................................. 12
Lecture: Social Anxiety Disorder ......................................................................................... 12
Week 3 ............................................................................................................................................. 22
Lecture: Specific Phobia & Conditioning Models .................................................................. 22
Week 4 ............................................................................................................................................. 35
Lecture: Generalized Anxiety disorder ................................................................................. 35
Week 5 ............................................................................................................................................. 46
Lecture: Panic Disorder ...................................................................................................... 46
Week 6 ............................................................................................................................................. 59
Lecture: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder.............................................................................. 59
Week 7 ............................................................................................................................................. 71
Lecture: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ............................................................................... 71
Week 8 ............................................................................................................................................. 80
Lecture: Transdiagnostic Process & Complexity of Anxiety Disorders ..................................... 80
Test Information ................................................................................................................................ 95
,WEEK 1
LECTURE: EMOTIONAL THEORY & ANXIETY RELATED DISORDERS
What is an emotion:
• Sense of purpose = emotions have a sense of function (back to basics: survival)
o Anxiety => something that could be potentially threatening (but exaggerated)
• Subjective (a personal experience)
• Being experienced in terms of bodily and behavioural response
→ No scientific consensus on what an emotion is
• But Agree on that there are some “basic emotions”
o Happy
o Anxious
o Sad
o Angry
o Ashamed
2
, • → ANXIETY IS AN EMOTION
Emotion is more than a feeling:
• A) Physicological aspects
• B) Cognitive aspects
o Concious (expirence/feeling)
o Unconscious
• C) Motor aspects
• → “Loosely coupled systems” (concordant/diconcordant)
o = not exclusively that one emotion is couples with one behaviour/sensation (they are
mixed)
Related concepts:
• = Mood, attitude, and temperament
→ Salience => temporal dimension
• Two dimensions:
3
, → Emotions have a function
• “When something is at stake”
• Adapt behaviour (to for example being scared or not scared)
• Action tendencies (by Frijda) = Stimulus → Experience → action tendency → function
o Examples:
o Lower energy → hunger → Consumption of food → energy
o Sexual arousal → Lust/desire → Sex/intercourse → reproduction
o Threat → anxiety → Fight/flight (freeze) → Escape from threat
SCHACHTER-SINGER THE TWO-FACTOR THEORY OF EMOTIONS
• Physiological arousal → cognitive interpretation (appraisal) → fight or flight (response)
• Physiological arousal determines the intensity of the emotion
• Cognitive appraisal = Thought, labelling the stimulus + immediate experience of physiological
response
• “Chicken or egg” Concept of stimulus and appraisal (regarding order)
→ no one truct (depend on the “glasses” you put on). There are several perspective that interact or overlap.
FIGHT OR FLIGHT RESPONSE = FIGHT, FREEZE OR FLIGHT
4
