DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH
● Clinical: Disease in individual (treatment)
● PH: Preventing disease in a population
Both fields are necessary to:
- Prevent disease, injury disability
- Treat those living with disease injury and disability
- Help people live well and reach their fullest health potential
Example of overlap:
- Vaccine
Example of specialization:
- Clinician giving vaccines
- Epidemiologist calculating vaccination rates
- Community Health Worker encouraging vaccinations in hesitant populations
Clinical professions:
● Body is in homeostasis
○ Maintenance of a stable internal environment which enables bodily systems to
work at max efficiency.
○ Thermoregulations, fluid balance, etc.
● Body performs vital functions so individual has full life
● Mostly physical aspects but does have psychological and social aspects.
Public Health:
● A state of physical, psychological and social well being
● Not so concerned about everything working “perfectly”
● Ability to achieve goals and potential.
“Unhealthy”
● Deviation from homeostasis,
● Change in performance/structure of body so vital functions are interrupted or modified
● PH Perspective: Mostly about prevention, control, living with a disease or condition, and
support.
● Infectious diseases, non communicable disease, injury, disability, other conditions.
Etiology:
● Cause of disease
● Agent that causes disruption in body
● Extending definition includes behaviors and environments.
Classification of Disease
1. Body System - diseases that affect the whole or most of the body system
2. Anatomic - Disease of specific organ or tissue type of the body (ex: heart, liver, etc)
3. Physiological - Diseases that disrupt the normal functioning of tissue, organ, or body
system.
4. Pathological - Diseases that have similar development.
, 5. Etiological - Diseases which have a particular cause (Ex. STI’s or vector borne illness)
6. Juristic - Manner of morbidity or mortality (intent)
7. Public Health - infectious disease, non communicable disease, injury, mental disorders,
disability and other conditions.
IMMUNE SYSTEM
Immunity: the ability of the body to resist disease.
- Infection, cancer, injury, etc.
Body has to be able to:
1. Distinguish between
a. Self: what belongs and Non self; what doesn’t.
2. Distinguish between:
a. Harmless/beneficial (microorganisms and substances)
b. Harmful pathogens (Microorganisms that can make you sick) and toxic substances
(non living harmful substances)
● Self Marker
○ Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)
○ In humans, called Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)
● Non Self marker
○ Antigen
● Cells:
○ White blood Cells (WBCs - leukocytes)
● Tissues and Organs
○ Bone marrow
■ WBC production
○ Thymus
■ WBC Maturation
○ Spleen
■ WBC “Discussion Board”
○ Lymph
■ Carries WBCs
○ Lymph nodes
■ Filter And kill antigens
○ Lymphatic vessels
■ Carry lymph 0 brings pathogens to lymph nodes
IMMUNE RESPONSE
Two types; Three acts
ACT 1 Non specific immunity (innate immunity) born with
a. Physical and chemical barriers
ACT 2 Inflammation
● Clinical: Disease in individual (treatment)
● PH: Preventing disease in a population
Both fields are necessary to:
- Prevent disease, injury disability
- Treat those living with disease injury and disability
- Help people live well and reach their fullest health potential
Example of overlap:
- Vaccine
Example of specialization:
- Clinician giving vaccines
- Epidemiologist calculating vaccination rates
- Community Health Worker encouraging vaccinations in hesitant populations
Clinical professions:
● Body is in homeostasis
○ Maintenance of a stable internal environment which enables bodily systems to
work at max efficiency.
○ Thermoregulations, fluid balance, etc.
● Body performs vital functions so individual has full life
● Mostly physical aspects but does have psychological and social aspects.
Public Health:
● A state of physical, psychological and social well being
● Not so concerned about everything working “perfectly”
● Ability to achieve goals and potential.
“Unhealthy”
● Deviation from homeostasis,
● Change in performance/structure of body so vital functions are interrupted or modified
● PH Perspective: Mostly about prevention, control, living with a disease or condition, and
support.
● Infectious diseases, non communicable disease, injury, disability, other conditions.
Etiology:
● Cause of disease
● Agent that causes disruption in body
● Extending definition includes behaviors and environments.
Classification of Disease
1. Body System - diseases that affect the whole or most of the body system
2. Anatomic - Disease of specific organ or tissue type of the body (ex: heart, liver, etc)
3. Physiological - Diseases that disrupt the normal functioning of tissue, organ, or body
system.
4. Pathological - Diseases that have similar development.
, 5. Etiological - Diseases which have a particular cause (Ex. STI’s or vector borne illness)
6. Juristic - Manner of morbidity or mortality (intent)
7. Public Health - infectious disease, non communicable disease, injury, mental disorders,
disability and other conditions.
IMMUNE SYSTEM
Immunity: the ability of the body to resist disease.
- Infection, cancer, injury, etc.
Body has to be able to:
1. Distinguish between
a. Self: what belongs and Non self; what doesn’t.
2. Distinguish between:
a. Harmless/beneficial (microorganisms and substances)
b. Harmful pathogens (Microorganisms that can make you sick) and toxic substances
(non living harmful substances)
● Self Marker
○ Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)
○ In humans, called Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)
● Non Self marker
○ Antigen
● Cells:
○ White blood Cells (WBCs - leukocytes)
● Tissues and Organs
○ Bone marrow
■ WBC production
○ Thymus
■ WBC Maturation
○ Spleen
■ WBC “Discussion Board”
○ Lymph
■ Carries WBCs
○ Lymph nodes
■ Filter And kill antigens
○ Lymphatic vessels
■ Carry lymph 0 brings pathogens to lymph nodes
IMMUNE RESPONSE
Two types; Three acts
ACT 1 Non specific immunity (innate immunity) born with
a. Physical and chemical barriers
ACT 2 Inflammation
