Test Bank Complete_
Robbins Basic Pathology| Robbins Pathology| 10th Edition,
By Vinay Kumar, Abul K. Abbas & Jon C. Aster
All Chapters 1-24| Latest Version With Detailed Explanation| Grade A+
,CHAPTER 1. THE CELL AS A UNIT OF HEALTH AND DISEASE ____________________________ 3
CHAPTER 2. CELL INJURY, CELL DEATH, AND ADAPTATIONS __________________________ 12
CHAPTER 3. INFLAMMATION AND REPAIR ________________________________________ 22
CHAPTER 4. HEMODYNAMIC DISORDERS, THROMBOEMBOLISM, AND SHOCK ___________ 32
CHAPTER 5. DISEASES OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM ___________________________________ 41
CHAPTER 6. NEOPLASIA _______________________________________________________ 50
CHAPTER 7. GENETIC AND PEDIATRIC DISEASES ____________________________________ 60
CHAPTER 8. ENVIRONMENTAL AND NUTRITIONAL DISEASES _________________________ 70
CHAPTER 9. GENERAL PATHOLOGY OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES _________________________ 79
CHAPTER 10. BLOOD VESSELS __________________________________________________ 88
CHAPTER 11. HEART __________________________________________________________ 99
CHAPTER 12. HEMATOPOIETIC AND LYMPHOID SYSTEMS ___________________________ 108
CHAPTER 13. LUNG __________________________________________________________ 119
CHAPTER 14. KIDNEY AND ITS COLLECTING SYSTEM _______________________________ 128
CHAPTER 15. ORAL CAVITIES AND GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT _______________________ 136
CHAPTER 16. LIVER AND GALLBLADDER _________________________________________ 145
CHAPTER 17. PANCREAS______________________________________________________ 154
CHAPTER 18. MALE GENITAL SYSTEM AND LOWER URINARY TRACT __________________ 164
CHAPTER 19. FEMALE GENITAL SYSTEM AND BREAST ______________________________ 174
CHAPTER 20. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM _____________________________________________ 184
CHAPTER 21. BONES, JOINTS, AND SOFT TISSUE TUMORS ___________________________ 193
CHAPTER 22. PERIPHERAL NERVES AND MUSCLES _________________________________ 202
CHAPTER 23. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM _______________________________________ 213
CHAPTER 24. SKIN___________________________________________________________ 224
,CHAPTER 1. THE CELL AS A UNIT OF HEALTH AND DISEASE
VINAY KUMAR: ROBBINS BASIC PATHOLOGY (ROBBINS PATHOLOGY) 10TH EDITION, TEST BANK
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. THE NUCLEUS, WHICH IS ESSENTIAL FOR FUNCTION AND SURVIVAL OF THE CELL.
A) IS THE SITE OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
B) CONTAINS THE GENETIC CODE
C) TRANSFORMS CELLULAR ENERGY
D) INITIATES AEROBIC METABOLISM
CORRECT ANS: B)
EXPLANATION:
THE NUCLEUS HOUSES THE CELL'S GENETIC MATERIAL IN THE FORM OF DNA, WHICH IS ESSENTIAL
FOR CONTROLLING CELLULAR ACTIVITIES, INCLUDING PROTEIN SYNTHESIS AND CELL DIVISION.
WHILE THE PROCESS OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS OCCURS IN THE RIBOSOMES, THE GENETIC
INSTRUCTIONS COME FROM THE NUCLEUS.
2. ALTHOUGH ENERGY IS NOT MADE IN MITOCHONDRIA, THEY ARE KNOWN AS THE POWER PLANTS
OF THE CELL BECAUSE THEY:
A) CONTAIN RNA FOR PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
B) UTILIZE GLYCOLYSIS FOR OXIDATIVE ENERGY
C) EXTRACT ENERGY FROM ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
D) STORE CALCIUM BONDS FOR MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS
CORRECT ANS: C)
EXPLANATION:
MITOCHONDRIA ARE INVOLVED IN OXIDATIVE METABOLISM, WHERE THEY CONVERT CHEMICAL
ENERGY FROM ORGANIC COMPOUNDS LIKE GLUCOSE AND FATTY ACIDS INTO ATP (ADENOSINE
TRIPHOSPHATE), WHICH CELLS USE FOR ENERGY.
,3. ALTHOUGH THE BASIC STRUCTURE OF THE CELL PLASMA MEMBRANE IS FORMED BY A LIPID
BILAYER, MOST OF THE SPECIFIC MEMBRANE FUNCTIONS ARE CARRIED OUT BY:
A) BOUND AND TRANSMEMBRANE PROTEINS
B) COMPLEX, LONG CARBOHYDRATE CHAINS
C) SURFACE ANTIGENS AND HORMONE RECEPTORS
D) A GATING SYSTEM OF SELECTIVE ION CHANNELS
CORRECT ANS: A)
EXPLANATION:
THE LIPID BILAYER PROVIDES STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY, BUT IT IS THE PROTEINS EMBEDDED IN OR
ATTACHED TO THE MEMBRANE THAT PERFORM THE KEY FUNCTIONS SUCH AS TRANSPORT,
SIGNALING, AND ENZYME ACTIVITY.
4. TO EFFECTIVELY RELAY SIGNALS, CELL-TO-CELL COMMUNICATION UTILIZES CHEMICAL
MESSENGER SYSTEMS THAT:
A) DISPLACE SURFACE RECEPTOR PROTEINS
B) ACCUMULATE WITHIN CELL GAP JUNCTIONS
C) BIND TO CONTRACTILE MICROFILAMENTS
D) RELEASE SECRETIONS INTO EXTRACELLULAR FLUID
CORRECT ANS: D)
EXPLANATION:
CELL-TO-CELL COMMUNICATION OFTEN RELIES ON THE RELEASE OF CHEMICAL MESSENGERS LIKE
HORMONES OR NEUROTRANSMITTERS INTO THE EXTRACELLULAR FLUID, WHICH THEN BIND TO
RECEPTORS ON NEARBY CELLS TO TRIGGER A RESPONSE.
5. AEROBIC METABOLISM, ALSO KNOWN AS OXIDATIVE METABOLISM, PROVIDES ENERGY BY:
A) REMOVING THE PHOSPHATE BONDS FROM ATP
,B) COMBINING HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN TO FORM WATER
C) ACTIVATING PYRUVATE STORED IN THE CYTOPLASM
D) BREAKING DOWN GLUCOSE TO FORM LACTIC ACID
CORRECT ANS: B)
EXPLANATION:
IN AEROBIC METABOLISM, OXYGEN IS USED TO COMBINE WITH HYDROGEN TO FORM WATER IN
THE ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN, ALLOWING FOR THE EFFICIENT PRODUCTION OF ATP.
6. EXOCYTOSIS, THE REVERSE OF ENDOCYTOSIS, IS IMPORTANT IN _______ INTO THE
EXTRACELLULAR FLUID.
A) ENGULFING AND INGESTING FLUID AND PROTEINS FOR TRANSPORT
B) KILLING, DEGRADING, AND DISSOLVING HARMFUL MICROORGANISMS
C) REMOVING CELLULAR DEBRIS AND RELEASING SYNTHESIZED SUBSTANCES
D) DESTRUCTION OF PARTICLES BY LYSOSOMAL ENZYMES FOR SECRETION
CORRECT ANS: C)
EXPLANATION:
EXOCYTOSIS INVOLVES THE MOVEMENT OF MATERIALS FROM INSIDE THE CELL TO THE
EXTRACELLULAR FLUID. THIS INCLUDES RELEASING PROTEINS, HORMONES, OR REMOVING
WASTE.
7. THE PROCESS RESPONSIBLE FOR GENERATING AND CONDUCTING MEMBRANE POTENTIALS IS:
A) DIFFUSION OF CURRENT-CARRYING IONS
B) MILLIVOLTAGE OF ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL
C) POLARIZATION OF CHARGED PARTICLES
D) ION CHANNEL NEUROTRANSMISSION
CORRECT ANS: A)
, EXPLANATION:
MEMBRANE POTENTIALS ARE GENERATED BY THE MOVEMENT OF IONS (SUCH AS SODIUM AND
POTASSIUM) ACROSS THE MEMBRANE THROUGH ION CHANNELS, CREATING ELECTRICAL
GRADIENTS.
8. EPITHELIAL TISSUES ARE CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THE SHAPE OF THE CELLS AND THE
NUMBER OF LAYERS. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS A CORRECTLY MATCHED DESCRIPTION AND
TYPE OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE?
A) SIMPLE EPITHELIUM: CELLS IN CONTACT WITH INTERCELLULAR MATRIX; SOME DO NOT EXTEND
TO SURFACE
B) STRATIFIED EPITHELIUM: SINGLE LAYER OF CELLS; ALL CELLS REST ON BASEMENT MEMBRANE
C) GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM: ARISE FROM SURFACE EPITHELIA AND UNDERLYING CONNECTIVE
TISSUE
D) PSEUDOSTRATIFIED EPITHELIUM: MULTIPLE LAYERS OF CELLS; DEEPEST LAYER RESTS ON
BASEMENT MEMBRANE
CORRECT ANS: C)
EXPLANATION:
GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM FORMS GLANDS AND ARISES FROM SURFACE EPITHELIAL CELLS THAT
EXTEND INTO THE UNDERLYING CONNECTIVE TISSUE.
9. CONNECTIVE TISSUE CONTAINS FIBROBLASTS THAT ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR:
A) PROVIDING A FIBROUS FRAMEWORK FOR CAPILLARIES
B) SYNTHESIS OF COLLAGEN, ELASTIN, AND RETICULAR FIBERS
C) FORMING TENDONS AND THE FASCIA THAT COVERS MUSCLES
D) FILLING SPACES BETWEEN TISSUES TO KEEP ORGANS IN PLACE
CORRECT ANS: B)
EXPLANATION:
Robbins Basic Pathology| Robbins Pathology| 10th Edition,
By Vinay Kumar, Abul K. Abbas & Jon C. Aster
All Chapters 1-24| Latest Version With Detailed Explanation| Grade A+
,CHAPTER 1. THE CELL AS A UNIT OF HEALTH AND DISEASE ____________________________ 3
CHAPTER 2. CELL INJURY, CELL DEATH, AND ADAPTATIONS __________________________ 12
CHAPTER 3. INFLAMMATION AND REPAIR ________________________________________ 22
CHAPTER 4. HEMODYNAMIC DISORDERS, THROMBOEMBOLISM, AND SHOCK ___________ 32
CHAPTER 5. DISEASES OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM ___________________________________ 41
CHAPTER 6. NEOPLASIA _______________________________________________________ 50
CHAPTER 7. GENETIC AND PEDIATRIC DISEASES ____________________________________ 60
CHAPTER 8. ENVIRONMENTAL AND NUTRITIONAL DISEASES _________________________ 70
CHAPTER 9. GENERAL PATHOLOGY OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES _________________________ 79
CHAPTER 10. BLOOD VESSELS __________________________________________________ 88
CHAPTER 11. HEART __________________________________________________________ 99
CHAPTER 12. HEMATOPOIETIC AND LYMPHOID SYSTEMS ___________________________ 108
CHAPTER 13. LUNG __________________________________________________________ 119
CHAPTER 14. KIDNEY AND ITS COLLECTING SYSTEM _______________________________ 128
CHAPTER 15. ORAL CAVITIES AND GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT _______________________ 136
CHAPTER 16. LIVER AND GALLBLADDER _________________________________________ 145
CHAPTER 17. PANCREAS______________________________________________________ 154
CHAPTER 18. MALE GENITAL SYSTEM AND LOWER URINARY TRACT __________________ 164
CHAPTER 19. FEMALE GENITAL SYSTEM AND BREAST ______________________________ 174
CHAPTER 20. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM _____________________________________________ 184
CHAPTER 21. BONES, JOINTS, AND SOFT TISSUE TUMORS ___________________________ 193
CHAPTER 22. PERIPHERAL NERVES AND MUSCLES _________________________________ 202
CHAPTER 23. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM _______________________________________ 213
CHAPTER 24. SKIN___________________________________________________________ 224
,CHAPTER 1. THE CELL AS A UNIT OF HEALTH AND DISEASE
VINAY KUMAR: ROBBINS BASIC PATHOLOGY (ROBBINS PATHOLOGY) 10TH EDITION, TEST BANK
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. THE NUCLEUS, WHICH IS ESSENTIAL FOR FUNCTION AND SURVIVAL OF THE CELL.
A) IS THE SITE OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
B) CONTAINS THE GENETIC CODE
C) TRANSFORMS CELLULAR ENERGY
D) INITIATES AEROBIC METABOLISM
CORRECT ANS: B)
EXPLANATION:
THE NUCLEUS HOUSES THE CELL'S GENETIC MATERIAL IN THE FORM OF DNA, WHICH IS ESSENTIAL
FOR CONTROLLING CELLULAR ACTIVITIES, INCLUDING PROTEIN SYNTHESIS AND CELL DIVISION.
WHILE THE PROCESS OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS OCCURS IN THE RIBOSOMES, THE GENETIC
INSTRUCTIONS COME FROM THE NUCLEUS.
2. ALTHOUGH ENERGY IS NOT MADE IN MITOCHONDRIA, THEY ARE KNOWN AS THE POWER PLANTS
OF THE CELL BECAUSE THEY:
A) CONTAIN RNA FOR PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
B) UTILIZE GLYCOLYSIS FOR OXIDATIVE ENERGY
C) EXTRACT ENERGY FROM ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
D) STORE CALCIUM BONDS FOR MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS
CORRECT ANS: C)
EXPLANATION:
MITOCHONDRIA ARE INVOLVED IN OXIDATIVE METABOLISM, WHERE THEY CONVERT CHEMICAL
ENERGY FROM ORGANIC COMPOUNDS LIKE GLUCOSE AND FATTY ACIDS INTO ATP (ADENOSINE
TRIPHOSPHATE), WHICH CELLS USE FOR ENERGY.
,3. ALTHOUGH THE BASIC STRUCTURE OF THE CELL PLASMA MEMBRANE IS FORMED BY A LIPID
BILAYER, MOST OF THE SPECIFIC MEMBRANE FUNCTIONS ARE CARRIED OUT BY:
A) BOUND AND TRANSMEMBRANE PROTEINS
B) COMPLEX, LONG CARBOHYDRATE CHAINS
C) SURFACE ANTIGENS AND HORMONE RECEPTORS
D) A GATING SYSTEM OF SELECTIVE ION CHANNELS
CORRECT ANS: A)
EXPLANATION:
THE LIPID BILAYER PROVIDES STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY, BUT IT IS THE PROTEINS EMBEDDED IN OR
ATTACHED TO THE MEMBRANE THAT PERFORM THE KEY FUNCTIONS SUCH AS TRANSPORT,
SIGNALING, AND ENZYME ACTIVITY.
4. TO EFFECTIVELY RELAY SIGNALS, CELL-TO-CELL COMMUNICATION UTILIZES CHEMICAL
MESSENGER SYSTEMS THAT:
A) DISPLACE SURFACE RECEPTOR PROTEINS
B) ACCUMULATE WITHIN CELL GAP JUNCTIONS
C) BIND TO CONTRACTILE MICROFILAMENTS
D) RELEASE SECRETIONS INTO EXTRACELLULAR FLUID
CORRECT ANS: D)
EXPLANATION:
CELL-TO-CELL COMMUNICATION OFTEN RELIES ON THE RELEASE OF CHEMICAL MESSENGERS LIKE
HORMONES OR NEUROTRANSMITTERS INTO THE EXTRACELLULAR FLUID, WHICH THEN BIND TO
RECEPTORS ON NEARBY CELLS TO TRIGGER A RESPONSE.
5. AEROBIC METABOLISM, ALSO KNOWN AS OXIDATIVE METABOLISM, PROVIDES ENERGY BY:
A) REMOVING THE PHOSPHATE BONDS FROM ATP
,B) COMBINING HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN TO FORM WATER
C) ACTIVATING PYRUVATE STORED IN THE CYTOPLASM
D) BREAKING DOWN GLUCOSE TO FORM LACTIC ACID
CORRECT ANS: B)
EXPLANATION:
IN AEROBIC METABOLISM, OXYGEN IS USED TO COMBINE WITH HYDROGEN TO FORM WATER IN
THE ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN, ALLOWING FOR THE EFFICIENT PRODUCTION OF ATP.
6. EXOCYTOSIS, THE REVERSE OF ENDOCYTOSIS, IS IMPORTANT IN _______ INTO THE
EXTRACELLULAR FLUID.
A) ENGULFING AND INGESTING FLUID AND PROTEINS FOR TRANSPORT
B) KILLING, DEGRADING, AND DISSOLVING HARMFUL MICROORGANISMS
C) REMOVING CELLULAR DEBRIS AND RELEASING SYNTHESIZED SUBSTANCES
D) DESTRUCTION OF PARTICLES BY LYSOSOMAL ENZYMES FOR SECRETION
CORRECT ANS: C)
EXPLANATION:
EXOCYTOSIS INVOLVES THE MOVEMENT OF MATERIALS FROM INSIDE THE CELL TO THE
EXTRACELLULAR FLUID. THIS INCLUDES RELEASING PROTEINS, HORMONES, OR REMOVING
WASTE.
7. THE PROCESS RESPONSIBLE FOR GENERATING AND CONDUCTING MEMBRANE POTENTIALS IS:
A) DIFFUSION OF CURRENT-CARRYING IONS
B) MILLIVOLTAGE OF ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL
C) POLARIZATION OF CHARGED PARTICLES
D) ION CHANNEL NEUROTRANSMISSION
CORRECT ANS: A)
, EXPLANATION:
MEMBRANE POTENTIALS ARE GENERATED BY THE MOVEMENT OF IONS (SUCH AS SODIUM AND
POTASSIUM) ACROSS THE MEMBRANE THROUGH ION CHANNELS, CREATING ELECTRICAL
GRADIENTS.
8. EPITHELIAL TISSUES ARE CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THE SHAPE OF THE CELLS AND THE
NUMBER OF LAYERS. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS A CORRECTLY MATCHED DESCRIPTION AND
TYPE OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE?
A) SIMPLE EPITHELIUM: CELLS IN CONTACT WITH INTERCELLULAR MATRIX; SOME DO NOT EXTEND
TO SURFACE
B) STRATIFIED EPITHELIUM: SINGLE LAYER OF CELLS; ALL CELLS REST ON BASEMENT MEMBRANE
C) GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM: ARISE FROM SURFACE EPITHELIA AND UNDERLYING CONNECTIVE
TISSUE
D) PSEUDOSTRATIFIED EPITHELIUM: MULTIPLE LAYERS OF CELLS; DEEPEST LAYER RESTS ON
BASEMENT MEMBRANE
CORRECT ANS: C)
EXPLANATION:
GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM FORMS GLANDS AND ARISES FROM SURFACE EPITHELIAL CELLS THAT
EXTEND INTO THE UNDERLYING CONNECTIVE TISSUE.
9. CONNECTIVE TISSUE CONTAINS FIBROBLASTS THAT ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR:
A) PROVIDING A FIBROUS FRAMEWORK FOR CAPILLARIES
B) SYNTHESIS OF COLLAGEN, ELASTIN, AND RETICULAR FIBERS
C) FORMING TENDONS AND THE FASCIA THAT COVERS MUSCLES
D) FILLING SPACES BETWEEN TISSUES TO KEEP ORGANS IN PLACE
CORRECT ANS: B)
EXPLANATION:
