A. THE CELL - Structure and Function
1. Cell membrane – responsive to stimuli, controls the movement of substances into
and out of the cell, serves as a boundary and compartmentalizes cell
2. Nucleus - control center, stores genetic information (DNA)
3. Nucleolus (i) - sites of ribosome synthesis
4. Cytoplasm- region and material between cell membrane and nuclear membrane
5. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) - detoxification of lipids, alcohols and
drugs, lipid synthesis
6. Rough ER - protein synthesis
7. Golgi apparatus- chemical modification of proteins. (sorts and packages the
proteins made by RER)
8. Lysosomes - breaks down proteins, lipids, fats
9. Centrioles - involved in cell division, form the mitotic spindle
10. Micovilli - increase the surface area of the cell; increases absorbability
11. Cytoskeleton – maintains shape of cell; involved in shape changes; supports the
organelles
12. Mitochondrion (a)- produces ATP by cell respiration, powerhouse of the cell,
contain own DNA and can replicate independently of the cell
13. Cilia – numerous hair-like extensions; moves materials across surface of cell
14. Flagellum(a)- long whip-like structure, moves sperm
15. Peroxisomes - contain oxidases (enzymes that detoxify oxygen-containinmg
harmful substances), i.e. catalase
A Generalized Cell
1. Cell membrane – responsive to stimuli, controls the movement of substances into
and out of the cell, serves as a boundary and compartmentalizes cell
2. Nucleus - control center, stores genetic information (DNA)
3. Nucleolus (i) - sites of ribosome synthesis
4. Cytoplasm- region and material between cell membrane and nuclear membrane
5. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) - detoxification of lipids, alcohols and
drugs, lipid synthesis
6. Rough ER - protein synthesis
7. Golgi apparatus- chemical modification of proteins. (sorts and packages the
proteins made by RER)
8. Lysosomes - breaks down proteins, lipids, fats
9. Centrioles - involved in cell division, form the mitotic spindle
10. Micovilli - increase the surface area of the cell; increases absorbability
11. Cytoskeleton – maintains shape of cell; involved in shape changes; supports the
organelles
12. Mitochondrion (a)- produces ATP by cell respiration, powerhouse of the cell,
contain own DNA and can replicate independently of the cell
13. Cilia – numerous hair-like extensions; moves materials across surface of cell
14. Flagellum(a)- long whip-like structure, moves sperm
15. Peroxisomes - contain oxidases (enzymes that detoxify oxygen-containinmg
harmful substances), i.e. catalase
A Generalized Cell
