UAB PY101 FINAL EXAM
Which of the following statements about ethical research is FALSE? A. It is
unethical to observe people in public without their knowledge. B. Research
participants' information must be protected and made available only to the few
people who need it.
C. Researchers cannot ask participants to expose themselves to unnecessary
risk or discomfort as part of a study.
D. Research involving human subjects must be reviewed and approved by a
board of experts before the study can begin. - correct answer ✔A. It is
unethical to observe people in public without their knowledge.
- Observation of public behavior (i.e., behavior that occurs in a public place
where there is no expectation of privacy and where no special permission is
required to observe others such as a public street, or park—is allowable so
long as data are collected anonymously and that there is no sensitive
information collected
Judith is conducting an experiment on mood and problem solving. She plans
to have study participants read either a funny story or a sad story before
taking answering math problems. What is the dependent variable in Judith's
study?
A. the number of math problems participants correctly solve - the dependent
variable
B. the type of story participants read, sad or funny - the independent variable
C. the personality of the participants who choose to be in the study -
confounding variable
D. the experimental group of participants - group assignment for one of the
groups - correct answer ✔A. the number of math problems participants
correctly solve - the dependent variable
You see a newspaper headline that claims that eating pizza is deadly.
However, when you read the original scientific article cited in the news, you
,notice that investigators found a correlation between pizza consumption and
death only over a 10-year period. Given what you know about correlation, how
would you explain this relationship?
A. Pizza consumption causes death, but the mechanisms for this cannot be
understood from a correlational study.
B. Pizza consumption causes death, but since the period of study is 10 years
long, the correlation is very weak at best.
C. Pizza consumption and death are related somehow, but a correlational
study is not able to reveal any kind of causal relationship. - Pizza does not
cause (causal) death
D. It is more likely that being closer to death causes pizza consumption
because older people have eaten much more pizza over the course of their
lifetime. - correct answer ✔C. Pizza consumption and death are related
somehow, but a correlational study is not able to reveal any kind of causal
relationship.
- Pizza does not cause (causal) death
Frederick is reading about the ways in which learning can be influenced by
different factors. He comes to reasonable conclusions that are supported by
the information he gathers. What is Frederick doing?
A. critical thinking
B. divergent reasoning
C. convergent reasoning
D. empirical testing - correct answer ✔A. critical thinking
Louisa is writing an essay that discusses the concept of dualism, which says
that the mind and body are separate but connected parts of a person. Which
philosopher's writings should Louisa pay special attention to?
A. Descartes
B. Plato
C. Aristotle
,D. Mill - correct answer ✔A. Descartes
Experimental psychology first began in 1879, when ______ established the
first psychological laboratory.
A. Titchener
B. Kohut
C. Wundt
D. Freud - correct answer ✔C. Wundt
Psychologists from which school of thought is concerned with functions that
behaviorism cannot explain, such as intelligence and problem-solving?
A. psychoanalysis
B. social psychology
C. Gestalt psychology
D. cognitive psychology - correct answer ✔D. cognitive psychology
An intense examination of a single individual, often in unusual or infrequent
situations, is called a(n)
A. experiment.
B. survey.
C. analog study.
D. case study. - correct answer ✔D. case study.
- think Phineas Gage
Professor Newton is planning a research study with human participants, who
will have to wear a head-mounted eye-tracking device during data collection.
While the device is not painful or dangerous, it can be a bit uncomfortable,
and some participants may get a headache from wearing the device. In order
, to conduct the study ethically, Professor Newton must ensure that which of
the following is favorable?
A. random assignment
B. risk/benefit ratio
C. scientific standards
D. privacy and confidentiality - correct answer ✔B. risk/benefit ratio
- the question is talking about discomfort the participant may have to deal
with.
Leola is reading about the nature/nurture debate in psychology. She will find
that most psychologists have reached what conclusion about this debate?
A. Neither nature nor nurture has a major influence on psychological
development.
B. Nature, but not nurture, influences our psychological development.
C. Nurture, but not nature, influences our psychological development.
D. Both nature and nurture influence our psychological development. - correct
answer ✔D. Both nature and nurture influence our psychological
development.
What does a myelin sheath do?
a. integrate information from all a neuron's dendrites
b. space neurotransmitters are housed
c. fatty insulation on axon that helps action potential move down the axon
d. the parts that travel across to reach dendrites on the next neuron - correct
answer ✔c. fatty insulation on axon that helps action potential move down the
axon
The action of neurotransmitters is ________ by agonists and is ________ by
antagonists.
Which of the following statements about ethical research is FALSE? A. It is
unethical to observe people in public without their knowledge. B. Research
participants' information must be protected and made available only to the few
people who need it.
C. Researchers cannot ask participants to expose themselves to unnecessary
risk or discomfort as part of a study.
D. Research involving human subjects must be reviewed and approved by a
board of experts before the study can begin. - correct answer ✔A. It is
unethical to observe people in public without their knowledge.
- Observation of public behavior (i.e., behavior that occurs in a public place
where there is no expectation of privacy and where no special permission is
required to observe others such as a public street, or park—is allowable so
long as data are collected anonymously and that there is no sensitive
information collected
Judith is conducting an experiment on mood and problem solving. She plans
to have study participants read either a funny story or a sad story before
taking answering math problems. What is the dependent variable in Judith's
study?
A. the number of math problems participants correctly solve - the dependent
variable
B. the type of story participants read, sad or funny - the independent variable
C. the personality of the participants who choose to be in the study -
confounding variable
D. the experimental group of participants - group assignment for one of the
groups - correct answer ✔A. the number of math problems participants
correctly solve - the dependent variable
You see a newspaper headline that claims that eating pizza is deadly.
However, when you read the original scientific article cited in the news, you
,notice that investigators found a correlation between pizza consumption and
death only over a 10-year period. Given what you know about correlation, how
would you explain this relationship?
A. Pizza consumption causes death, but the mechanisms for this cannot be
understood from a correlational study.
B. Pizza consumption causes death, but since the period of study is 10 years
long, the correlation is very weak at best.
C. Pizza consumption and death are related somehow, but a correlational
study is not able to reveal any kind of causal relationship. - Pizza does not
cause (causal) death
D. It is more likely that being closer to death causes pizza consumption
because older people have eaten much more pizza over the course of their
lifetime. - correct answer ✔C. Pizza consumption and death are related
somehow, but a correlational study is not able to reveal any kind of causal
relationship.
- Pizza does not cause (causal) death
Frederick is reading about the ways in which learning can be influenced by
different factors. He comes to reasonable conclusions that are supported by
the information he gathers. What is Frederick doing?
A. critical thinking
B. divergent reasoning
C. convergent reasoning
D. empirical testing - correct answer ✔A. critical thinking
Louisa is writing an essay that discusses the concept of dualism, which says
that the mind and body are separate but connected parts of a person. Which
philosopher's writings should Louisa pay special attention to?
A. Descartes
B. Plato
C. Aristotle
,D. Mill - correct answer ✔A. Descartes
Experimental psychology first began in 1879, when ______ established the
first psychological laboratory.
A. Titchener
B. Kohut
C. Wundt
D. Freud - correct answer ✔C. Wundt
Psychologists from which school of thought is concerned with functions that
behaviorism cannot explain, such as intelligence and problem-solving?
A. psychoanalysis
B. social psychology
C. Gestalt psychology
D. cognitive psychology - correct answer ✔D. cognitive psychology
An intense examination of a single individual, often in unusual or infrequent
situations, is called a(n)
A. experiment.
B. survey.
C. analog study.
D. case study. - correct answer ✔D. case study.
- think Phineas Gage
Professor Newton is planning a research study with human participants, who
will have to wear a head-mounted eye-tracking device during data collection.
While the device is not painful or dangerous, it can be a bit uncomfortable,
and some participants may get a headache from wearing the device. In order
, to conduct the study ethically, Professor Newton must ensure that which of
the following is favorable?
A. random assignment
B. risk/benefit ratio
C. scientific standards
D. privacy and confidentiality - correct answer ✔B. risk/benefit ratio
- the question is talking about discomfort the participant may have to deal
with.
Leola is reading about the nature/nurture debate in psychology. She will find
that most psychologists have reached what conclusion about this debate?
A. Neither nature nor nurture has a major influence on psychological
development.
B. Nature, but not nurture, influences our psychological development.
C. Nurture, but not nature, influences our psychological development.
D. Both nature and nurture influence our psychological development. - correct
answer ✔D. Both nature and nurture influence our psychological
development.
What does a myelin sheath do?
a. integrate information from all a neuron's dendrites
b. space neurotransmitters are housed
c. fatty insulation on axon that helps action potential move down the axon
d. the parts that travel across to reach dendrites on the next neuron - correct
answer ✔c. fatty insulation on axon that helps action potential move down the
axon
The action of neurotransmitters is ________ by agonists and is ________ by
antagonists.
