UAB PY101 CH 8 Thinking and
Intelligence
thinking - correct answer ✔the manipulation of mental representations of
information we encounter in our environments.
analogical representation - correct answer ✔mental representations that
have some of the physical characteristics of objects; usually refers to images
(picture of the violin)
symbolic representation - correct answer ✔abstract mental representations
that consist of words or ideas (the time it is on the clock)
mental maps - correct answer ✔Mental representations of information about
people, places, and environments (also called cognitive maps)
schema - correct answer ✔mental structure; collections of ideas, prior
knowledge, and experiences that help organize and guide information about
thought and behavior.
category - correct answer ✔grouping based on shared properties
concept - correct answer ✔single mental representation of an object/event,
to store knowledge about each specific member of a category
prototype model - correct answer ✔concept organization; within each
category, there is a best example (an orange; fruit)
, exemplar model - correct answer ✔concept organization; all concepts in a
category are examples; they form the category
stereotype - correct answer ✔schemas that allow for easy, fast processing of
information about people, events, or objects, based on their membership in
particular groups.
reasoning - correct answer ✔using information to determine if a conclusion is
valid or reasonable
informal reasoning - correct answer ✔the use of reasoning outside of a
formal setting
formal reasoning - correct answer ✔using standardized and objective
procedures of the scientific method to collect empirical evidence and test
hypotheses to see if they are valid
decision making - correct answer ✔form of thinking; attempting to select the
best alternative among several options
problem solving - correct answer ✔form of thinking; finding a way around an
obstacle to reach a goal
algorithm - correct answer ✔set of procedures to follow when thinking and
making a decision
heuristic - correct answer ✔using "rule of thumb" or a shortcut to make a
decision
Intelligence
thinking - correct answer ✔the manipulation of mental representations of
information we encounter in our environments.
analogical representation - correct answer ✔mental representations that
have some of the physical characteristics of objects; usually refers to images
(picture of the violin)
symbolic representation - correct answer ✔abstract mental representations
that consist of words or ideas (the time it is on the clock)
mental maps - correct answer ✔Mental representations of information about
people, places, and environments (also called cognitive maps)
schema - correct answer ✔mental structure; collections of ideas, prior
knowledge, and experiences that help organize and guide information about
thought and behavior.
category - correct answer ✔grouping based on shared properties
concept - correct answer ✔single mental representation of an object/event,
to store knowledge about each specific member of a category
prototype model - correct answer ✔concept organization; within each
category, there is a best example (an orange; fruit)
, exemplar model - correct answer ✔concept organization; all concepts in a
category are examples; they form the category
stereotype - correct answer ✔schemas that allow for easy, fast processing of
information about people, events, or objects, based on their membership in
particular groups.
reasoning - correct answer ✔using information to determine if a conclusion is
valid or reasonable
informal reasoning - correct answer ✔the use of reasoning outside of a
formal setting
formal reasoning - correct answer ✔using standardized and objective
procedures of the scientific method to collect empirical evidence and test
hypotheses to see if they are valid
decision making - correct answer ✔form of thinking; attempting to select the
best alternative among several options
problem solving - correct answer ✔form of thinking; finding a way around an
obstacle to reach a goal
algorithm - correct answer ✔set of procedures to follow when thinking and
making a decision
heuristic - correct answer ✔using "rule of thumb" or a shortcut to make a
decision
