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Chapterx1;xBasicxTermsxandxConceptsxofxMechanicalxVentilationx
TestxBank
MULTIPLExCHOICE
1. Thex body’sx mechanismx forx conductingx airx inx andx outx ofx thex lungsxisx
knownxasxwhichxofxthexfollowing?
a. Externalxrespiration
b. Internalxrespiration
c. Spontaneousx ventilation
d. Mechanicalx ventilation
ANS:x C
Thexconductionxofxairxinxandxoutxofxthexbodyxisxknownxasxventilation
.x Sincex thex questionx asksx forx thex body’sx mechanism,xthisxwouldxbexs
pontaneousxventilation.xExternalxrespirationxinvolvesx thex exchange
x ofx oxygenx (O2)x andx carbon x dioxidex (CO2)x betweenx thex alveolix andx t
hexpulmonaryxcapillaries.xInternalxrespirationx occursx atx thex cellular
x levelx andx involvesx movementx ofx oxygenxfromxthexsystemicxbloodxint
oxthexcells.
DIF: 1 REF:x pg.x3
2. Whichxofxthexfollowingxarexinvolvedxinxexternalxrespiration?
a. Redxbloodxcellsxandxbodyxcells
b. Scalenesxandxtrapezius
muscles
c. Alveolix andx pulmonary
capillaries
d. Externalx obliquex and
transversexabdominalxmuscles
ANS:x C
Externalx respirationx involvesx thex exchangex ofx oxygenx andx carbonxdi
oxidex(CO2)xbetweenxthexalveolixandxthexpulmonaryxcapillaries.xInte
rnalxrespirationxoccursxatxthexcellularxlevelxandxinvolvesxmovementx
ofxoxygenxfromx thexsystemicxbloodxintoxthexcells.
Scalenex andx trapeziusx musclesx arex accessoryx musclesx ofxinspiratio
n.x Externalx oblique x andx transversex abdominalx musclesxarexaccesso
ryxmusclesxofxexpiration.
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DIF: 1 REF:x pg.x3
3. Thexgraphxthatxshowsxintrapleuralxpressurexchangesxduringxn
ormalxspontaneousxbreathingxisxdepictedxbyxwhichxofxthexfol
lowing?
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS:xB
Duringx spontaneousx breathingx thex intrapleuralx pressurex dropsxfr
omx aboutx -5xcmx H2Ox atx end-expirationx tox aboutx-
10x cmx H2Ox atxend-
inspiration.x Thex graphx depictedx forxanswerx Bx showsx thatxchangexf
romx-5xcmxH2Oxtox-10xcmxH2O.
DIF: 1 REF:x pg.x4
4. Duringx spontaneousx inspirationx alveolarx pressurex (PA)x isx about:
x .
a. -x1xcmxH2O
b. +x1xcmxH2O
c. 0xcmxH2O
d. 5xcmxH2O
ANS:x A
-
1xcmxH2Oxisxthexlowestxalveolarxpressurexwillxbecomexduringxnor
malxspontaneousxventilation.xDuringxthexexhalationxofxaxnormalxs
pontaneousxbreathxthexalveolarxpressurexwillxbecomex+1xcmxH2O.
DIF: 1 REF:x pg.x3
5. Thex pressurex requiredx tox maintainx alveolarx inflationx isxknownx asxw
hichxofxthexfollowing?
a. Transairwayxpressurex(PTAx)
b. Transthoracicxpressurex(PTT)
c. Transrespiratory xpressurex(PTR)
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d. Transpulmonaryx pressurex (PL)
ANS:xD
Thexdefinitionxofxtranspulmonaryxpressurex(PL)xisxthexpressurexrequi
redxtoxmaintainxalveolarxinflation.xTransairwayxpressurex(PTAx)xisxthex
pressurexgradientxrequiredxtoxproducexairflowxinxthexconductingx tub
es.x Transrespiratoryx pressurex (PTR)x isx thex pressurextoxinflatexthexlun
gsxandxairwaysxduringxpositivexpressurexventilation.xTransthoracicxp
ressurex(PTT)xrepresentsxthexpressurexrequiredxtoxexpandxorxcontract
x thex lungsx andx thex chestx wallx atx thex
samextime.
DIF: 1 REF:x pg.x3
6. Calculatexthexpressurexneededxtoxovercomexairwayxresistancexdu
ringxpositivexpressurexventilationxwhenxthexproximalxairwayxpress
urex(PAw)xisx35xcmxH2Oxandxthexalveolarxpressurex(PA)xisx5xcmxH2O.
a. 7xcmxH2O
b. 30xcmxH2O
c. 40xcmxH2O
d. 175xcmxH2O
ANS:xB
Thex transairwayx pressurex (PTAx)xisx usedx tox calculatex thex pressurexre
quiredx toxovercomex airwayx resistance x duringx mechanicalxventilatio
n.xThisxformulaxisxPTAx=xPawx-xPA.
DIF: 2 REF:x pg.x3
7. Thextermxusedxtoxdescribexthextendencyxofxaxstructurextoxreturnxtoxit
sxoriginalxformxafterxbeingxstretchedxorxactedxonxbyxanxoutsidexforcex
isxwhichxofxthexfollowing?
a. Elastance
b. Compliance
c. Viscousxresistance
d. Distendingxpressure
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Chapterx1;xBasicxTermsxandxConceptsxofxMechanicalxVentilationx
TestxBank
MULTIPLExCHOICE
1. Thex body’sx mechanismx forx conductingx airx inx andx outx ofx thex lungsxisx
knownxasxwhichxofxthexfollowing?
a. Externalxrespiration
b. Internalxrespiration
c. Spontaneousx ventilation
d. Mechanicalx ventilation
ANS:x C
Thexconductionxofxairxinxandxoutxofxthexbodyxisxknownxasxventilation
.x Sincex thex questionx asksx forx thex body’sx mechanism,xthisxwouldxbexs
pontaneousxventilation.xExternalxrespirationxinvolvesx thex exchange
x ofx oxygenx (O2)x andx carbon x dioxidex (CO2)x betweenx thex alveolix andx t
hexpulmonaryxcapillaries.xInternalxrespirationx occursx atx thex cellular
x levelx andx involvesx movementx ofx oxygenxfromxthexsystemicxbloodxint
oxthexcells.
DIF: 1 REF:x pg.x3
2. Whichxofxthexfollowingxarexinvolvedxinxexternalxrespiration?
a. Redxbloodxcellsxandxbodyxcells
b. Scalenesxandxtrapezius
muscles
c. Alveolix andx pulmonary
capillaries
d. Externalx obliquex and
transversexabdominalxmuscles
ANS:x C
Externalx respirationx involvesx thex exchangex ofx oxygenx andx carbonxdi
oxidex(CO2)xbetweenxthexalveolixandxthexpulmonaryxcapillaries.xInte
rnalxrespirationxoccursxatxthexcellularxlevelxandxinvolvesxmovementx
ofxoxygenxfromx thexsystemicxbloodxintoxthexcells.
Scalenex andx trapeziusx musclesx arex accessoryx musclesx ofxinspiratio
n.x Externalx oblique x andx transversex abdominalx musclesxarexaccesso
ryxmusclesxofxexpiration.
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DIF: 1 REF:x pg.x3
3. Thexgraphxthatxshowsxintrapleuralxpressurexchangesxduringxn
ormalxspontaneousxbreathingxisxdepictedxbyxwhichxofxthexfol
lowing?
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS:xB
Duringx spontaneousx breathingx thex intrapleuralx pressurex dropsxfr
omx aboutx -5xcmx H2Ox atx end-expirationx tox aboutx-
10x cmx H2Ox atxend-
inspiration.x Thex graphx depictedx forxanswerx Bx showsx thatxchangexf
romx-5xcmxH2Oxtox-10xcmxH2O.
DIF: 1 REF:x pg.x4
4. Duringx spontaneousx inspirationx alveolarx pressurex (PA)x isx about:
x .
a. -x1xcmxH2O
b. +x1xcmxH2O
c. 0xcmxH2O
d. 5xcmxH2O
ANS:x A
-
1xcmxH2Oxisxthexlowestxalveolarxpressurexwillxbecomexduringxnor
malxspontaneousxventilation.xDuringxthexexhalationxofxaxnormalxs
pontaneousxbreathxthexalveolarxpressurexwillxbecomex+1xcmxH2O.
DIF: 1 REF:x pg.x3
5. Thex pressurex requiredx tox maintainx alveolarx inflationx isxknownx asxw
hichxofxthexfollowing?
a. Transairwayxpressurex(PTAx)
b. Transthoracicxpressurex(PTT)
c. Transrespiratory xpressurex(PTR)
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d. Transpulmonaryx pressurex (PL)
ANS:xD
Thexdefinitionxofxtranspulmonaryxpressurex(PL)xisxthexpressurexrequi
redxtoxmaintainxalveolarxinflation.xTransairwayxpressurex(PTAx)xisxthex
pressurexgradientxrequiredxtoxproducexairflowxinxthexconductingx tub
es.x Transrespiratoryx pressurex (PTR)x isx thex pressurextoxinflatexthexlun
gsxandxairwaysxduringxpositivexpressurexventilation.xTransthoracicxp
ressurex(PTT)xrepresentsxthexpressurexrequiredxtoxexpandxorxcontract
x thex lungsx andx thex chestx wallx atx thex
samextime.
DIF: 1 REF:x pg.x3
6. Calculatexthexpressurexneededxtoxovercomexairwayxresistancexdu
ringxpositivexpressurexventilationxwhenxthexproximalxairwayxpress
urex(PAw)xisx35xcmxH2Oxandxthexalveolarxpressurex(PA)xisx5xcmxH2O.
a. 7xcmxH2O
b. 30xcmxH2O
c. 40xcmxH2O
d. 175xcmxH2O
ANS:xB
Thex transairwayx pressurex (PTAx)xisx usedx tox calculatex thex pressurexre
quiredx toxovercomex airwayx resistance x duringx mechanicalxventilatio
n.xThisxformulaxisxPTAx=xPawx-xPA.
DIF: 2 REF:x pg.x3
7. Thextermxusedxtoxdescribexthextendencyxofxaxstructurextoxreturnxtoxit
sxoriginalxformxafterxbeingxstretchedxorxactedxonxbyxanxoutsidexforcex
isxwhichxofxthexfollowing?
a. Elastance
b. Compliance
c. Viscousxresistance
d. Distendingxpressure
