EDF Unit 1Actual Exam Questions And Correct Detailed Answers.

What do we mean by social and cultural capital - correct answer the $ worth of the skills/behavior and understanding that you carry with you What do we mean by educational readiness - correct answer Skills such as, knowing their letters, identifying colors, counting up to twenty and being able to write their name What does Lareau mean by concerted cultivation and accomplishment of natural growth - correct answer Differences in child-rearing practices. Concerted cultivation- middles class families and accomplishment of natural growth is working class families Middle Class - correct answer one or both parents have supervisory or managerial authority in the workplace and are required to have stringent educational credentials. Working Class - correct answer parents occupations are without supervisory authority and do not require high level of education Cognitive - correct answer knowledge, information, skills Non-cognitive - correct answer motivations, self-discipline, stability, dependablilty, perseverance, self-esstem, ect. Perry Preschool program's - correct answer Study label students "at-risk" policy- teachers helped more, more success- tested on real life skills-at the end you saw a major reduction in drop out rates, crime, and welfare- study showed that cognitive skills were worthless with out major non-cognitive skills How did the authors say that preschool programs reduced amount of money that society has to put into an individual's education - correct answer Reduces cost spent on special education, criminal system, unemployment, and losses to crime victims.) What two things are happening in the U.S. that are contributing to this educational inflation? - correct answer Increased immigration, and increased emphasis on college education in work force What are some criticisms of the human capital theory? - correct answer Not enough jobs in the knowledge economy to absorb school graduates into skilled jobs and the anticipated demand for knowledge workers hasn't occurred. What does Hacker say is the up-and-coming job field, and what are some examples of these jobs? - correct answer Operating high-tech instruments: EX: gynecologic sonographer, equipment mechanics, air traffic controlling, blood bank clinical work Whats was noticed about locations chosen by foreign auto companies for their new factories? - correct answer Located in places with high drop out rates and low incomes because the skills for the jobs were learned onsite What determines your income and status in a learning society? - correct answer Educational credentials What things does a human capital stance require in education? - correct answer Standardization of curriculum, accountability of students and school staff based on standardized test scores, and the deskilling of the teaching profession What is deskilling? - correct answer in some cases teaching involves following a scripted lesson created by some outside agency or teachers being forced to teach to the requirements of standardized tests What are the elements of the human capital paradigm? - correct answer Value of education measured by economic growth. National Standardization of curriculum, testing for promotion, entrance, and exiting grade levels, teacher evaluation based on students score on standardized tests, mandated textbooks, scripted lessons, lifelong learning required What does lifelong learning demand of students? - correct answer Assume a world of constant technological change, which will require workers to continually update skills. Requires schools to teach so that student how to learn so they can continue learning throughout life What programs of the 1960s came out of the human capital theory argument? - correct answer War on Poverty, head start, sesame street What do we mean by compensatory education? - correct answer For low-income families to ensure success What kind of school organization does the human capital argument encourage? - correct answer Gear towards labor market, sorting machine How do people justify Human Capital Theory school organization? - correct answer Economy will prosper and workers will be happy because they will match their interests and education to a career What was A Nation at Risk and what did it say about American public schooling? - correct answer Was a government report that blamed the allegedly poor academies quality of American public schools for causing lower rated of economies productivity than Japan and West Germany Why does Reich say that "lifelong learning is a necessity for every single member of the American workforce"? - correct answer workers will be trapped in low paying jobs unless their employment skills improve-"there should be no barrier between education and work" What subjects are uppermost in the global knowledge economy? - correct answer Math, Literacy, Science What is human capital theory? - correct answer Theory that assumes that money spent on education will cause economic growth, reduce poverty and improve incomes What is one result of the human capital argument that we have begun to see? - correct answer Expansion and funding of preschool education Horace Mann's two major economic goals for schools - correct answer human capital(increase wealth in the community) and eliminate poverty) What percentage of a country's wealth resides in human capital? - correct answer 3/4th knowledge worker: - correct answer hold skills such as information and ideas rather than ownership of capital- generates new wealth and that power was shifting from owner and manager of capital to knowledge workers What is social reproduction? - correct answer Schools produce what the social classes are known for- occupational mobility What is our deeply held expectation about schools and occupational mobility? - correct answer Schools create economic segregations What did Bowles and Gintis find about the real effect of schools on occupational mobility? - correct answer school is a medium through which family background is translated into occupational and income opportunities How is the way a child is raised important to that child's future place in the work force - correct answer personality, self-presentation, ascriptive characteristics, and level of educational attainment) self-directed method of child rearing: - correct answer greater success in high statues occupations- creates critical thinking skills Authoritarian method of child rearing: - correct answer children are prepared to work at low paying jobs that do not require independent thinking Ability grouping: - correct answer different classes/groups within classes biased on abilities Tracking grouping: - correct answer primarily HS, separates students into different curriculum groups What do we notice about family income level and grouping (ability and tracking) ? - correct answer Family income is parallel to grouping level What was Pygmalion in the Classroom and what theory did it appear to prove? - correct answer Study of the tendency to live up to expectations- labels random students as "at-risk" - proved teachers helped those more and scores went up What items tend to put a child at risk? - correct answer Low SES; changing schools 2 or more times; average grade C/lower; single parent household; 1 or more siblings not complete HS; held back 1 or more times Best indication that a child will drop out of school: - correct answer Repeated a grade in Elementary/middle School PPE: - correct answer Per pupil expenditure: every state decides what to spend on each student How do we officially determine which students are low-income? - correct answer Free or reduced lunch White privilege: - correct answer whites make most money at all educational levels- except for Asians at the very highest education Why does Spring say that there is increasing inequality of incomes in the U.S.? - correct answer Global labor market, workers competing with all nations What is the high-stakes testing model? - correct answer Variation of the sorting-machine model- refers to an achievement examination that determines a person future academic career and job opportunities **Test what a person has learned! Why do many employers like the idea of high-stakes testing? - correct answer Because testing gives evidence of person's ability to preform jobs efficiently Why since the 1980s have public schools leaned towards the high-stakes testing model? - correct answer Because the labor market wants proof of individual's ability What is the sorting-machine model? - correct answer Schools attempt to overcome family backgrounds by impartial decisions of teachers, counselors and testing to sort students into ability and tracking groups Who was Alfred Binet, and for what is he known? - correct answer French psychologist- developed the first intelligence test What did we believe about intelligence testing during at least the first half of the 20th century? - correct answer Equal opportunity achieved through use of scientific testing- BUT can't define a persons intelligence level accurately Where does competition for socioeconomic standing occur with this model? - correct answer Out side of classroom- out of control What objection did the New York Workingman's Party have with the common schools model and what did they suggest should happen in New York? - correct answer schools weren't capable of creating that equal ground- therefore everyone should go to boarding school What do we mean by equality of opportunity? Not mean? - correct answer Education provides everyone with the same starting point. NOT- all men are created equal What was the definition of full citizenship rights in the Naturalization Act of 1790? - correct answer Law used to deny citizenship to domestic foreigners, Native Americans, Asians What has come of extra-curricular activities? - correct