ESL Praxis (5362) Review Questions and Answers

phonetics the study of the production of sounds in speech phonology the study of sounds and patterns of particular languages intonation the way the voice rises and falls in speech stress the emphasis placed on syllables or words morpheme the smallest unit of meaning in a language. For example, the word player is made of two morphemes: play (also a word on its own)and er(which cannot stand on its own) morphology the study of how morphemes are combined to make words syntax examines how words are constructed into phrases or sentences semantics the study of meaning in language transcription a way to visually represent sounds International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) the best known transcription system voiced sounds sounds made by vibrating the vocal cords (/b/). You can see if a sound is voiced by putting a hand to your throat and seeing if it vibrates voiceless sounds sounds made without vibrating the vocal cords (/s/) place of articulation the point where two speech organs come together to make a sound labial sound top and bottom lips come together (produces sounds such as /m/) nasalization air comes through the nose when making a sound such as /n/ aspiration a sound is made with a burst of air out of the mouth as in the /h/ in hope connected speech occurs when speakers simplify sounds and run words together