Lymbic system
The limbic lobe
Cortical areas surrounding callosal body and brainstem. Distinct from surrounding cortices:
allocortex
The limbic lobe:
- Septal area
- Cingulate gyrus
- Parahippocampal gyrus
- Hippocampus
- Accumbens nucleus
- Orbitofrontal cortex
- Amygdala
The limbic lobe is linked to emotional and motivational behavior (party true). Includes hypothalamus
and parts of the thalamus.
Theory of emotion
Emotional experiences or feelings occur when the cingulate cortex integrates these signals from the
hypothalamus with information from the sensory cortex. An output from the cingulate cortex to the
hippocampus and then to the hypothalamus allows top-down cortical control of emotional responses.
Emotions are necessary for survival.
- Fear as a trigger to escape
- Aggression to defend territory
Emotions are used to make a quick often complex decision. Hence the close ties with the HPA system
(hypothalamic-pituitary axis).
But there is no real proof for the limbic system as the seat of emotional behavior.
, Korsakoff syndrome
- Anterograde amnesia
- Variable grade of retrograde amnesia
Causes:
- Thiamine deficiency
- Mammillary body infarction (alcohol abuse)
If the mammillary bodies the papez circuit is disturbed, this showed that it also has to some something
with memory.
Epilepsy and hippocampus
Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common variant of epilepsy. Aberrant cortico-hippocampal
connectivity (through dentate gyrus) or aberrant hippocampal neurogenesis may contribute to this
prevalence; exact cause unknown! If you remove the hippocampus you cannot make new memories.
But motor memory is still available (learn how to fold a box, and ask them again later you can still
fold it but you don't know how you did it).
The modern limbic system
Homeostasis
- Endocrine system
- Autonomic nervous system
Olfaction
Memory
Emotions and drives
Homeostasis
Hypothalamus:
Visceromotor output of the limbic system
HeaL:
- Homeostasis:
- Endocrine system
- Autonomic nervous system
- Limbic output system
- Coordination of visceral and motor responses
Amygdala activates the emotion, hypothalamus modulates
Aggressive behavior is initiated by way of the amygdala. The
hypothalamus refines the type of aggression that is expressed.
Amygdala establishes links between stimuli and their emotional value.
The limbic lobe
Cortical areas surrounding callosal body and brainstem. Distinct from surrounding cortices:
allocortex
The limbic lobe:
- Septal area
- Cingulate gyrus
- Parahippocampal gyrus
- Hippocampus
- Accumbens nucleus
- Orbitofrontal cortex
- Amygdala
The limbic lobe is linked to emotional and motivational behavior (party true). Includes hypothalamus
and parts of the thalamus.
Theory of emotion
Emotional experiences or feelings occur when the cingulate cortex integrates these signals from the
hypothalamus with information from the sensory cortex. An output from the cingulate cortex to the
hippocampus and then to the hypothalamus allows top-down cortical control of emotional responses.
Emotions are necessary for survival.
- Fear as a trigger to escape
- Aggression to defend territory
Emotions are used to make a quick often complex decision. Hence the close ties with the HPA system
(hypothalamic-pituitary axis).
But there is no real proof for the limbic system as the seat of emotional behavior.
, Korsakoff syndrome
- Anterograde amnesia
- Variable grade of retrograde amnesia
Causes:
- Thiamine deficiency
- Mammillary body infarction (alcohol abuse)
If the mammillary bodies the papez circuit is disturbed, this showed that it also has to some something
with memory.
Epilepsy and hippocampus
Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common variant of epilepsy. Aberrant cortico-hippocampal
connectivity (through dentate gyrus) or aberrant hippocampal neurogenesis may contribute to this
prevalence; exact cause unknown! If you remove the hippocampus you cannot make new memories.
But motor memory is still available (learn how to fold a box, and ask them again later you can still
fold it but you don't know how you did it).
The modern limbic system
Homeostasis
- Endocrine system
- Autonomic nervous system
Olfaction
Memory
Emotions and drives
Homeostasis
Hypothalamus:
Visceromotor output of the limbic system
HeaL:
- Homeostasis:
- Endocrine system
- Autonomic nervous system
- Limbic output system
- Coordination of visceral and motor responses
Amygdala activates the emotion, hypothalamus modulates
Aggressive behavior is initiated by way of the amygdala. The
hypothalamus refines the type of aggression that is expressed.
Amygdala establishes links between stimuli and their emotional value.
