McCance Pathophysiology chapter 1 sample questions
1.Chapter 1: Cellular
Biology MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorp-
tion?
a.
Cells can produce proteins.
b.
Cells can secrete digestive enzymes.
c.
Cells can take in and use nutrients.
d.
Cells can synthesize fats.: ANS: C
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other
substances from their surroundings. The remaining options are not
inclusive in their descriptions of cellular metabolic absorption.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
2.2. Most of a cell's genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is
contained in the:
a.
Mitochondria
b.
Ribosome
c.
Nucleolus
d.
Lysosome: ANS: C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed
largely of RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins,
such as the histones, which regulate its activity. The other options do
not contain most of a cell's genetic information.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
, McCance Pathophysiology chapter 1 sample questions
3.3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by
us- ing oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an
oxidative reaction?
a.
Lysosomes
b.
Peroxisomes
c.
Ribosomes
d.
Oxyhydrosomes: ANS: B
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that
use oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an
oxidative reaction that pro- duces H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant
and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes from
peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes (nucleopro- teins)
that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm
through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes.
Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex
and contain more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which
catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates.
Oxyhydrosomes are involved in enzyme production.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 8
4.4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it
is released during cell injury?
a. Ribosome
b. Golgi complex
c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
d. Lysosomes: ANS: D
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the
, McCance Pathophysiology chapter 1 sample questions
powerful digestive enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm,
preventing their leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the
membrane by various treatments or cellular
, McCance Pathophysiology chapter 1 sample questions
injury leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then
react with their specific substrates, causing cellular self-digestion. The
other options do not correctly describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 7-8
5.7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell
membranes by acting as receptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and
enzymes to drive active pumps?
a.
Lipids
b.
Proteases
c.
Proteins
d.
Carbohydrates: ANS: C
Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for
substances moving in and out of the cell; (2) pores or transport
channels for various electrically charged particles called ions or
electrolytes and specific carriers for amino acids and mono-
saccharides; and (3) specific enzymes that drive active pumps that
promote the con- centration of certain ions, particularly potassium (K+),
within the cell while keeping concentrations of other ions, for example,
sodium (Na+), below the concentrations found in the extracellular
environment. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 13 | Page 15
6.8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as cas-
pase-mediated apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in
design- ing drug therapy for which human diseases?
a.
Cardiac and vascular disorders
b.
Autoimmune and malignant disorders
c.
Gastrointestinal and renal disorders
d.
Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders: ANS: B
Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for
1.Chapter 1: Cellular
Biology MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorp-
tion?
a.
Cells can produce proteins.
b.
Cells can secrete digestive enzymes.
c.
Cells can take in and use nutrients.
d.
Cells can synthesize fats.: ANS: C
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other
substances from their surroundings. The remaining options are not
inclusive in their descriptions of cellular metabolic absorption.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
2.2. Most of a cell's genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is
contained in the:
a.
Mitochondria
b.
Ribosome
c.
Nucleolus
d.
Lysosome: ANS: C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed
largely of RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins,
such as the histones, which regulate its activity. The other options do
not contain most of a cell's genetic information.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
, McCance Pathophysiology chapter 1 sample questions
3.3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by
us- ing oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an
oxidative reaction?
a.
Lysosomes
b.
Peroxisomes
c.
Ribosomes
d.
Oxyhydrosomes: ANS: B
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that
use oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an
oxidative reaction that pro- duces H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant
and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes from
peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes (nucleopro- teins)
that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm
through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes.
Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex
and contain more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which
catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates.
Oxyhydrosomes are involved in enzyme production.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 8
4.4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it
is released during cell injury?
a. Ribosome
b. Golgi complex
c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
d. Lysosomes: ANS: D
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the
, McCance Pathophysiology chapter 1 sample questions
powerful digestive enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm,
preventing their leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the
membrane by various treatments or cellular
, McCance Pathophysiology chapter 1 sample questions
injury leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then
react with their specific substrates, causing cellular self-digestion. The
other options do not correctly describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 7-8
5.7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell
membranes by acting as receptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and
enzymes to drive active pumps?
a.
Lipids
b.
Proteases
c.
Proteins
d.
Carbohydrates: ANS: C
Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for
substances moving in and out of the cell; (2) pores or transport
channels for various electrically charged particles called ions or
electrolytes and specific carriers for amino acids and mono-
saccharides; and (3) specific enzymes that drive active pumps that
promote the con- centration of certain ions, particularly potassium (K+),
within the cell while keeping concentrations of other ions, for example,
sodium (Na+), below the concentrations found in the extracellular
environment. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 13 | Page 15
6.8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as cas-
pase-mediated apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in
design- ing drug therapy for which human diseases?
a.
Cardiac and vascular disorders
b.
Autoimmune and malignant disorders
c.
Gastrointestinal and renal disorders
d.
Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders: ANS: B
Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for
