FTCE Humanities K-12

FTCE Humanities K-12 "The Waste Land" by T.S. Elliot This 1922 poem based loosely on the Legend of the Holy Grail and the Fisher King focuses on themes of disillusionment, absurdity and despair. Allen Ginsberg A leading member of the Beat movement whose writings featured existential mania for intense experience and frantic motion. Also, a big opposer of the US perpetuating war. Louis Sullivan United States architect known for his steel framed skyscrapers and for coining the phrase 'form follows function' (). "Father of Skyscrapers." Frank Lloyd Wright Considered America's greatest architect. Pioneered the concept that a building should blend into and harmonize with its surroundings rather than following classical designs. Thomas More Utopia English humanist (Renaissance Philosopher) most famous for his controversial book about a fictional humanistic society where all children received a good education in the classics and adults divided their time between virtuous business and intellectual pursuits. Divine Comedy Medieval work by Dante Alighieri, describes soul's progression into heaven. Tonalism 19th C art, use of different gradations of monochromatic colors that was later eclipsed by Impressionism (Whistler, Innes). Ishtar goddess of love and war; mistress of ancient Babylon Ishtar Gate and Throne Room Wall Mesopotamia, Neo-Babylonian, Babylon, Glazed Brick Jefferson Wrote the Declaration of Independence influenced by Empiricism and Enlightenment; separation of church and state Athena/Minerva goddess of wisdom, the city, and arts; patron goddess of the city of Athens. Born from the head of Zeus in full battle gear. Pantheon A group of gods; a group of people so accomplished in a skill or field that they seem like gods. Hegelian Dialectic a thesis that is opposed by an antithesis, ultimately resulting in a synthesis Hegel and Kant two famous 18th C relativist; studied sense perception Zeus/Jupiter "Father of Gods and Men" He ruled the Olympians of Mount Olympus. He is the god of sky and thunder. Adam Smith 18th C Scottish economist who wrote the Wealth of Nations a precursor to modern Capitalism. Tuscan Order Renaissance architecture featuring slender, smooth columns that sit on simple bases; no carvings on the frieze or in the capitals Composite Order Renaissance combination of Ionic and Corinthian orders, capital combines acanthus leaves with volute scrolls Gaea goddess of the earth in ancient Greek mythology Montiesquieu "Defined structures of government" theory helped US Founding Fathers distinguish the notions of monarchy, republic and despotism Talcott Parsons () His social action theory viewed choices as things made based on cultural values and social structures, not by psychological processes Sleeping Beauty Tchaikovsky ballet of 1890 adapted from 1697 Charles Perrault fairy tale. Rene Descartes () French philosopher that argued for dualism between mind and body: "I think, therefore, I am." Dualism mind and body are separate (Descartes) Apollo god of music, poetry, prophecy, and medicine Maslow Humanist psychologist who developed a pyramid representing heirarchy of human needs. "Self-actualization" Principa Mathematica (1687) Included Newton's three laws of motion that laid the framework for modern physics Klimt Art Nouveau "The Kiss" Art Nouveau a style of decorative art, architecture, and design prominent in western Europe and the US from about 1890 until World War I and characterized by intricate linear designs and flowing curves based on natural forms. Art Deco Descended from Art Nouveau, this movement of the 1920s and 1930s sought to upgrade industrial design in competition with "fine art" and to work new materials into decorative patterns that could be either machined or handcrafted. Characterized by streamlined, elongated, and symmetrical design. Byzantine Art The eastern part of the Roman Empire that remained after the fall of Rome. Art focuses on Spiritual not naturalism. Romanesque style architectural style of medieval Europe, characterized by semi-circular arches, massive quality, thick walls, round arches, sturdy piers, groin vaults, large towers, decorative arcading. Crossed England from France. Gothic Architecture Architecture of the twelfth-century Europe, featuring stained-glass windows, flying buttresses, tall spires, and pointed arches Hestia/Vesta Goddess of hearth and home. Eldest sister of Zeus. John Maynard Keynes () he was the most influential economic critic of the Treaty of Versailles. He'd taken part in the peace conference but resigned in disgust when he saw the direction it was taking. His book "The Economic Consequences of the Peace" was a scathing attack, especially on reparations and the other economic aspects of the peace. He argued that the Treaty was immoral and unworkable and that such a peace would bring economic ruin and war to Europe unless it was repudiated. 17th Amendment (1913) Direct election of senators Baroque Period the stylistic period between approximately 1600 and 1750 began with opera invention died with Bach chromatic scale makes use of all twelve pitches, equally divided, within the octave diatonic scale consists of seven whole and half steps whose patterns form major and minor scales Nefertiti queen of Egypt and wife of Akhenaton (14th century BC); religious revolution resulting in monotheism Akhenaten early ruler of Egypt who rejected the old gods and replaced them with Aten, the sun god. Voltaire () championed the enlightened principles of reason, progress, toleration, and individual liberty; contributed massively to french enlightenment French Enlightenment Philosophical movement that sought to improve society through reason and science; formally began in 1685 Tenuto Hold the note for its full value Cubism An Artistic movement that focused on geometric shapes, complex lines, and overlapping planes. crescendo steadily increasing in volume or force Georgia O'Keeffe a founder of American modernism who focused on unrealistic representation while recognizing the self Humanism (Renaissance) believed that the Greek and Latin classics contained both all the lessons one needed to lead a moral and effective life Truman Capote () 20th C American author focused on themes of psychological desire in relation to the American dream. Canterbury Tales written in Middle-English by Geoffrey Chaucer at the end of the 14th century told as part of a story-telling contest by a group of pilgrims Russian Orthodox Christianity form of Christianity imported from Byzantine Empire by the Kievan Rus in the 9th C Qin Shi Huangdi (First Emperor) Unified China in 221 B.C; buried at site of Terracotta Army; unified states to finish great wall Aphrodite/Venus Goddess of love and beauty; had affairs with Ares Antoine Lavoisier "Father of Modern Chemistry" who came up with the Law of Conservation of Matter; guillotined during French Revolution for tax fraud Giuseppe Verdi A nineteenth-century italian composer and master of Italian grand opera; Aida, Otello, Rigoletto, and La Traviata. Cezanne French postimpressionist painter who influenced modern art (especially cubism) by stressing the structural components latent in nature Genghis Khan (Temujin) A Mongolian general and emperor of the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries, known for his military leadership and great cruelty. He conquered vast portions of northern China and southwestern Asia. Fauvism Means "wild beast". Bold, shocking color. Joyous tone, usually. Matisse Tsar Alexander II He was a Russian Tsar who attempted reform ("Emancipator") but his appeasement (emancipation of serfs and the establishment of Zemstvos) led to his assassination by the People's Will Herodotus Greek Historian, considered the father of History. He came from a Greek community in Anatolia and traveled extensively, collecting information in western Asia and the Mediterranean lands. Richard Wagner () Operas on mythological themes; continuous music (lots of instrumental); leitmotif; der Ring des nibelungen; built his own theater in Bayreuth Thucydides Greek historian. Considered the greatest historian of antiquity, he wrote a critical history of the Peloponnesian War that contains the funeral oration of Pericles Liszt () wrote symphonies to both Faust and Dante; Hungarian Rhapsodies Dionysus/Bacchus God of wine and vegetation