NURS 611 REAL EXAM WELL ELABORATED QUESTIONS AND DETAILED ANSWERS UPDATE ALREADY A GRADE.

NURS 611 REAL EXAM WELL ELABORATED QUESTIONS AND DETAILED ANSWERS UPDATE ALREADY A GRADE. Which genes are responsible for this form of breast cancer? BRACA1 (chromosome 17) and BRACA2 (chromosome 13) What is the chance of a lifetime risk of developing breast cancer for women who inherit the BRACA1 or BRACA2 gene? 50-80% What is the risk of developing breast cancer if a woman has 1 affected 1st degree relative? double the risk How common is a given disease in a population? well-established measures are used to answer this question What is the definition of incidence rate? number of new cases of a disease reported during a specific period (typically 1 year) divided by the number of individuals in the population What is the definition of relative risk? a common measure of the effect of a specific risk factor What does epigenetics do? bridges DNA info and function by modifying gene expression without any alteration in DNA sequence What can epigenetic modification cause individuals with the same DNA (twins) have different disease profiles Ex: the occurrence of asthma in only one pair of the identical twins What is demonstrated when twins age? what does this cause? 1- they demonstrate increasing differences in methylation patterns of their DNA sequences causing increased numbers in phenotype differences What environmental factors can affect epigenetic modification? diet and exposure to certain chemicals