Samenvatting onderhoudstechnieken
Inhoud
Inplannen van onderhoudstaken............................................................................................................. 6
Defenitie onderhoud ........................................................................................................................... 6
Taken onderhoudsdienst? ................................................................................................................... 6
Niet taak onderhoudsdienst? .............................................................................................................. 6
Beschikbaarheid van een productiemiddel ......................................................................................... 6
Het verband tussen engineering, productie en onderhoud ................................................................ 7
soorten onderhoudsstrategieën .......................................................................................................... 7
Niet planmatig ................................................................................................................................. 7
Planmatig onderhoud ...................................................................................................................... 7
De totale onderhoudskosten ............................................................................................................... 8
Primaire onderhoudskosten ............................................................................................................ 8
Gevolgkosten ................................................................................................................................... 8
totale onderhoudskosten ................................................................................................................ 8
Paretoregel .......................................................................................................................................... 8
Ishikawadiagram .................................................................................................................................. 8
SMED principe ..................................................................................................................................... 9
Verbeteren van de installatie............................................................................................................... 9
Autonoom operatoronderhoud........................................................................................................... 9
Trainingsprogramma’s voor opleiding tot onderhoudstechnieker ...................................................... 9
Machinerichtlijnen ................................................................................................................................ 10
EER ..................................................................................................................................................... 10
Van toepassing................................................................................................................................... 10
Niet van toepassing ........................................................................................................................... 10
Certificeringsprocedure ..................................................................................................................... 11
Voor niet-gevaarlijke machines ..................................................................................................... 11
Voor gevaarlijke machines ............................................................................................................. 11
Aanschaf tweedehandsmachines .................................................................................................. 11
Aanpassen van het bestaand machinepark .................................................................................. 12
Toepassing van de essentiële eisen ............................................................................................... 12
Technische documentatie TDC .......................................................................................................... 13
Predictief onderhoud ............................................................................................................................ 14
Wat? .................................................................................................................................................. 14
, Trillingsmetingen ............................................................................................................................... 15
Wat is een trilling? ......................................................................................................................... 15
Wave-form ..................................................................................................................................... 15
Wat is frequentie? ......................................................................................................................... 16
Frequentiespectrum ...................................................................................................................... 16
Uitvoeren van trillingsmetingen via datacollector ........................................................................ 16
Metingen ....................................................................................................................................... 16
Foutbeelden .................................................................................................................................. 16
Ultrasoonmetingen............................................................................................................................ 17
Detectie van lagerschade .............................................................................................................. 17
Controle compressorkleppen ........................................................................................................ 17
Andere te detecteren fouten ......................................................................................................... 17
Olieanalyse ........................................................................................................................................ 18
Staalafnameprocedure .................................................................................................................. 18
Opvolging en onderhoud ............................................................................................................... 18
Degradatie-analyse ........................................................................................................................ 19
Contaminatie-analyse .................................................................................................................... 20
Thermografie ..................................................................................................................................... 21
Wanneer toepassen? ..................................................................................................................... 21
Uitleg ............................................................................................................................................. 21
Smeertechnieken ................................................................................................................................... 22
Doel ................................................................................................................................................... 22
Soorten smeermiddelen .................................................................................................................... 22
Oliën .............................................................................................................................................. 22
Vetten ............................................................................................................................................ 22
Pasta’s ............................................................................................................................................ 22
Vetpasta’s....................................................................................................................................... 22
Vaste smeerstoffen ........................................................................................................................ 23
AF-coating ...................................................................................................................................... 23
Wanneer kies je voor vetsmering of oliesmering? ............................................................................ 23
Smeerfilm .......................................................................................................................................... 23
De dikte van de smeerfilm is afhankelijk van: ............................................................................... 23
• Men onderscheidt 4 soorten smeringen: .............................................................................. 23
Grenssmering ................................................................................................................................ 24
Hydrodynamische smering ............................................................................................................ 24
Elasto-hydrodynamische smering (EHD smering= gemengde smering)........................................ 24
, Hydrostatische smering (olie als smeermiddel) ............................................................................ 25
Eigenschappen van vet .......................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Bepaling WP-index......................................................................................................................... 26
Vetsmering van wentellagers ............................................................................................................ 27
Hoeveelheid vet ............................................................................................................................. 27
Handmatig aanbrengen van vet voor vetsmering ......................................................................... 27
Automatisch smeerapparaat ......................................................................................................... 27
Smeerinterval ................................................................................................................................ 27
Belastingsverhouding C/P .............................................................................................................. 29
Smeerinterval volgens Molykote in standaard omstandigheden .................................................. 29
Smeerinterval volgens FAG in standaard omstandigheden: .......................................................... 30
Oliesmering van wentellagers ........................................................................................................... 30
Smeerstrategieën voor oliesmering .................................................................................................. 31
Oliebadsmering/spatsmering ........................................................................................................ 31
Ringsmering ................................................................................................................................... 32
Oliecirculatie .................................................................................................................................. 32
Olie-injectie ................................................................................................................................... 33
Oliedruppelsmering ....................................................................................................................... 33
OL (Olie-lucht) smeersystemen ..................................................................................................... 33
Sproeismering................................................................................................................................ 34
Centrale smeersystemen ................................................................................................................... 34
Eenleidingsmeersysteem ............................................................................................................... 34
Tweeleidingsmeersysteem ............................................................................................................ 34
Progressief smeersysteem ............................................................................................................. 35
Overzicht per toepassing ................................................................................................................... 35
Smeermiddelen voor rol- en wentellagers .................................................................................... 35
Smeermiddelen voor glijlagers ...................................................................................................... 35
Smeermiddelen voor as / naaf verbindingen ................................................................................ 35
Kettingsmeermiddelen .................................................................................................................. 35
Smeermiddelen voor tandwielen .................................................................................................. 36
Smeermiddelen voor afdichtingmaterialen, pakkingen en O ringen ............................................ 36
Smeermiddelen voor schroefdraadverbindingen .......................................................................... 36
Smeermiddelen voor lineaire geleidingen..................................................................................... 36
Smeermiddelen voor wormwiel en rolwielverbindingen .............................................................. 36
Smeermiddelen voor perspassingen ............................................................................................. 36
Smeermiddelen bij onderhoud en reparatie ................................................................................. 36
, Onderhoud van wentellagers ................................................................................................................ 37
Belangrijkste oorzaken lagerfaling ..................................................................................................... 37
waar moet tijdens het bedrijf op gelet worden?............................................................................... 37
Luisteren ........................................................................................................................................ 37
Voelen ............................................................................................................................................ 37
Kijken ............................................................................................................................................. 37
Ruiken ............................................................................................................................................ 38
SPM-methode (ultrasoon) ............................................................................................................. 38
trillingsmetingen............................................................................................................................ 38
Foutenanalyse bij lagers in bedrijf (SKF)............................................................................................ 39
Montage en demontage van lagers ................................................................................................... 39
Gereedschapskeuze ....................................................................................................................... 39
Lageropstelling .............................................................................................................................. 39
Oefening ........................................................................................................................................ 40
Voorbeelden montage en demontage .......................................................................................... 40
Onderhoud aan afdichtingen................................................................................................................. 40
Waarom? ........................................................................................................................................... 40
Statische afdichtingen ....................................................................................................................... 40
Vlakke afdichtingen (pakkingen).................................................................................................... 40
O-ringen ......................................................................................................................................... 44
Dynamische afdichting ...................................................................................................................... 44
Oliekeerringen ............................................................................................................................... 44
V-ringen ......................................................................................................................................... 45
Onderhoud aan tandwieloverbrengingen ............................................................................................. 47
Waarom onderhoud aan tandwieloverbrengingen? ......................................................................... 47
montage van tandwielen ................................................................................................................... 47
Flankspeling (Backlash)...................................................................................................................... 47
Draagbeeld ........................................................................................................................................ 48
Zichtbaar maken draagbeeld ......................................................................................................... 49
Slijtageverschijnselen bij tandwielen ................................................................................................ 49
Pitting voorkomen ......................................................................................................................... 50
Geluid - en trillingsproblematiek ................................................................................................... 51
Vervangen van tandwiel: Welke gegevens heb je nodig?.............................................................. 51
Onderhoud aan riemoverbrengingen.................................................................................................... 51
Oorzaken riemslijtage ........................................................................................................................ 52
Controle van riemspanning ............................................................................................................... 52
Inhoud
Inplannen van onderhoudstaken............................................................................................................. 6
Defenitie onderhoud ........................................................................................................................... 6
Taken onderhoudsdienst? ................................................................................................................... 6
Niet taak onderhoudsdienst? .............................................................................................................. 6
Beschikbaarheid van een productiemiddel ......................................................................................... 6
Het verband tussen engineering, productie en onderhoud ................................................................ 7
soorten onderhoudsstrategieën .......................................................................................................... 7
Niet planmatig ................................................................................................................................. 7
Planmatig onderhoud ...................................................................................................................... 7
De totale onderhoudskosten ............................................................................................................... 8
Primaire onderhoudskosten ............................................................................................................ 8
Gevolgkosten ................................................................................................................................... 8
totale onderhoudskosten ................................................................................................................ 8
Paretoregel .......................................................................................................................................... 8
Ishikawadiagram .................................................................................................................................. 8
SMED principe ..................................................................................................................................... 9
Verbeteren van de installatie............................................................................................................... 9
Autonoom operatoronderhoud........................................................................................................... 9
Trainingsprogramma’s voor opleiding tot onderhoudstechnieker ...................................................... 9
Machinerichtlijnen ................................................................................................................................ 10
EER ..................................................................................................................................................... 10
Van toepassing................................................................................................................................... 10
Niet van toepassing ........................................................................................................................... 10
Certificeringsprocedure ..................................................................................................................... 11
Voor niet-gevaarlijke machines ..................................................................................................... 11
Voor gevaarlijke machines ............................................................................................................. 11
Aanschaf tweedehandsmachines .................................................................................................. 11
Aanpassen van het bestaand machinepark .................................................................................. 12
Toepassing van de essentiële eisen ............................................................................................... 12
Technische documentatie TDC .......................................................................................................... 13
Predictief onderhoud ............................................................................................................................ 14
Wat? .................................................................................................................................................. 14
, Trillingsmetingen ............................................................................................................................... 15
Wat is een trilling? ......................................................................................................................... 15
Wave-form ..................................................................................................................................... 15
Wat is frequentie? ......................................................................................................................... 16
Frequentiespectrum ...................................................................................................................... 16
Uitvoeren van trillingsmetingen via datacollector ........................................................................ 16
Metingen ....................................................................................................................................... 16
Foutbeelden .................................................................................................................................. 16
Ultrasoonmetingen............................................................................................................................ 17
Detectie van lagerschade .............................................................................................................. 17
Controle compressorkleppen ........................................................................................................ 17
Andere te detecteren fouten ......................................................................................................... 17
Olieanalyse ........................................................................................................................................ 18
Staalafnameprocedure .................................................................................................................. 18
Opvolging en onderhoud ............................................................................................................... 18
Degradatie-analyse ........................................................................................................................ 19
Contaminatie-analyse .................................................................................................................... 20
Thermografie ..................................................................................................................................... 21
Wanneer toepassen? ..................................................................................................................... 21
Uitleg ............................................................................................................................................. 21
Smeertechnieken ................................................................................................................................... 22
Doel ................................................................................................................................................... 22
Soorten smeermiddelen .................................................................................................................... 22
Oliën .............................................................................................................................................. 22
Vetten ............................................................................................................................................ 22
Pasta’s ............................................................................................................................................ 22
Vetpasta’s....................................................................................................................................... 22
Vaste smeerstoffen ........................................................................................................................ 23
AF-coating ...................................................................................................................................... 23
Wanneer kies je voor vetsmering of oliesmering? ............................................................................ 23
Smeerfilm .......................................................................................................................................... 23
De dikte van de smeerfilm is afhankelijk van: ............................................................................... 23
• Men onderscheidt 4 soorten smeringen: .............................................................................. 23
Grenssmering ................................................................................................................................ 24
Hydrodynamische smering ............................................................................................................ 24
Elasto-hydrodynamische smering (EHD smering= gemengde smering)........................................ 24
, Hydrostatische smering (olie als smeermiddel) ............................................................................ 25
Eigenschappen van vet .......................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Bepaling WP-index......................................................................................................................... 26
Vetsmering van wentellagers ............................................................................................................ 27
Hoeveelheid vet ............................................................................................................................. 27
Handmatig aanbrengen van vet voor vetsmering ......................................................................... 27
Automatisch smeerapparaat ......................................................................................................... 27
Smeerinterval ................................................................................................................................ 27
Belastingsverhouding C/P .............................................................................................................. 29
Smeerinterval volgens Molykote in standaard omstandigheden .................................................. 29
Smeerinterval volgens FAG in standaard omstandigheden: .......................................................... 30
Oliesmering van wentellagers ........................................................................................................... 30
Smeerstrategieën voor oliesmering .................................................................................................. 31
Oliebadsmering/spatsmering ........................................................................................................ 31
Ringsmering ................................................................................................................................... 32
Oliecirculatie .................................................................................................................................. 32
Olie-injectie ................................................................................................................................... 33
Oliedruppelsmering ....................................................................................................................... 33
OL (Olie-lucht) smeersystemen ..................................................................................................... 33
Sproeismering................................................................................................................................ 34
Centrale smeersystemen ................................................................................................................... 34
Eenleidingsmeersysteem ............................................................................................................... 34
Tweeleidingsmeersysteem ............................................................................................................ 34
Progressief smeersysteem ............................................................................................................. 35
Overzicht per toepassing ................................................................................................................... 35
Smeermiddelen voor rol- en wentellagers .................................................................................... 35
Smeermiddelen voor glijlagers ...................................................................................................... 35
Smeermiddelen voor as / naaf verbindingen ................................................................................ 35
Kettingsmeermiddelen .................................................................................................................. 35
Smeermiddelen voor tandwielen .................................................................................................. 36
Smeermiddelen voor afdichtingmaterialen, pakkingen en O ringen ............................................ 36
Smeermiddelen voor schroefdraadverbindingen .......................................................................... 36
Smeermiddelen voor lineaire geleidingen..................................................................................... 36
Smeermiddelen voor wormwiel en rolwielverbindingen .............................................................. 36
Smeermiddelen voor perspassingen ............................................................................................. 36
Smeermiddelen bij onderhoud en reparatie ................................................................................. 36
, Onderhoud van wentellagers ................................................................................................................ 37
Belangrijkste oorzaken lagerfaling ..................................................................................................... 37
waar moet tijdens het bedrijf op gelet worden?............................................................................... 37
Luisteren ........................................................................................................................................ 37
Voelen ............................................................................................................................................ 37
Kijken ............................................................................................................................................. 37
Ruiken ............................................................................................................................................ 38
SPM-methode (ultrasoon) ............................................................................................................. 38
trillingsmetingen............................................................................................................................ 38
Foutenanalyse bij lagers in bedrijf (SKF)............................................................................................ 39
Montage en demontage van lagers ................................................................................................... 39
Gereedschapskeuze ....................................................................................................................... 39
Lageropstelling .............................................................................................................................. 39
Oefening ........................................................................................................................................ 40
Voorbeelden montage en demontage .......................................................................................... 40
Onderhoud aan afdichtingen................................................................................................................. 40
Waarom? ........................................................................................................................................... 40
Statische afdichtingen ....................................................................................................................... 40
Vlakke afdichtingen (pakkingen).................................................................................................... 40
O-ringen ......................................................................................................................................... 44
Dynamische afdichting ...................................................................................................................... 44
Oliekeerringen ............................................................................................................................... 44
V-ringen ......................................................................................................................................... 45
Onderhoud aan tandwieloverbrengingen ............................................................................................. 47
Waarom onderhoud aan tandwieloverbrengingen? ......................................................................... 47
montage van tandwielen ................................................................................................................... 47
Flankspeling (Backlash)...................................................................................................................... 47
Draagbeeld ........................................................................................................................................ 48
Zichtbaar maken draagbeeld ......................................................................................................... 49
Slijtageverschijnselen bij tandwielen ................................................................................................ 49
Pitting voorkomen ......................................................................................................................... 50
Geluid - en trillingsproblematiek ................................................................................................... 51
Vervangen van tandwiel: Welke gegevens heb je nodig?.............................................................. 51
Onderhoud aan riemoverbrengingen.................................................................................................... 51
Oorzaken riemslijtage ........................................................................................................................ 52
Controle van riemspanning ............................................................................................................... 52
