BIOL 1030 CHAPTER 7 WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS ALREADY GRADED A+

What is the main cause of the current amplification of global climate change? Human activity is increasing the concentration of greenhouse gases, which delays the escape of heat from the planet. Solar radiation warms the surface of the planet and then is radiated back in the form of __________. heat Current evidence indicates that the process of photosynthesis arose more than three billion years ago. Its origin had a huge impact on existing organisms and on the physical characteristics of the biosphere. Which major physical change could be attributed to photosynthesis? Photosynthesis drastically increased the oxygen content of the atmosphere. A red chemical dye known as phenol red changes to yellow when CO2 is present. A small green plant seedling is placed in phenol red and then placed in the dark. Which of the following is most likely to occur? The solution is red to begin with, and it will turn yellow because respiration is occurring. In _____ plants, the first product of carbon fixation is the three-carbon compound 3-PGA formed in the Calvin cycle. C3 When such plants close their stomata on hot, dry days to conserve water, _____ builds up in the leaf and is added to RuBP in place of CO2. A two-carbon product of this reaction is broken down to CO2, consuming ATP and generating no sugar. O2 The apparently wasteful process described in sentence 2 is called photorespiration In _____ plants, CO2 is first fixed into a four-carbon compound, which moves into bundle-sheath cells and releases CO2 to the Calvin cycle. C4 In ____ plants, stomata are open at night, and CO2 is first fixed into a four-carbon compound, which releases CO2 to the Calvin cycle during the day. CAM In all three types of plants, the enzyme ______ brings CO2 into the Calvin cycle. rubisco In C3 plants the conservation of water promotes _____. photorespiration In C4 and CAM plants carbon dioxide is fixed in the _____ of mesophyll cells. cytoplasm C4 plants differ from C3 and CAM plants in that C4 plants _____. transfer fixed carbon dioxide to cells in which the Calvin cycle occurs Although the reactions of the Calvin cycle are not directly dependent on light, they usually do not occur at night. Why? The Calvin cycle depends on products of the light reactions. The radioactive isotope used in the Calvin experiments was ____. carbon-14 The Calvin cycle describes the conversion of ___. carbon dioxide to carbohydrates Paper chromatography is used to _____. separate components in a material of interest What type of organism was used in Calvin's experiments? algae Both mitochondria and chloroplasts _____. use an H+ gradient to produce ATP The light reactions of photosynthesis generate high-energy electrons, which end up in __________. The light reactions also produce __________ and __________. NADPH : ATP : oxygen The primary function of light absorption by photosystems I and II is to produce __________. free, energized electrons