PHLT 304 (BIOBASIS) - Exam 1 Questions With Verified Answers

Agent - Answer virulence, infectivity, addictive qualities (PH Triad) Host - Answer genetic susceptibility, resiliency, nutritional status, motivation (PH Triad) Environment - Answer public health sanitation, social context, availability of health care Anthropogenic Pollution - Answer emission of CO2, emission of GHG, industries, increase vehicles, deforestation, chemical fertilizers, HUMAN Natural Pollution - Answer volcanic eruptions, meteorites, sunspot/solar cycle, ocean currents, forest fire, methane emissions from animals Climate Change and Disease - Answer new emerging disease, other diseases are coming back Disease caused by weather change - Answer malaria, yellow fever, dengue , cholera Human Disease Affects Animals - Answer close relation of primates and humans animals can get sick with the same infections as humans method of transmission is always "soft" contact such as skin to skin Handedness - Answer -may helps some people and may cause side effects for others -chirality Protein Folding - Answer shape tells them what to do no shape doesn't allow them to work Incorrect Folding - Answer clumping together of proteins is being recognized as the cause for a growing number of age-related diseases and neurodegenerative disorders Mutations - Answer essential for survival of a species promotes diversity increases genetic variability Teratogens - Answer An agent or factor that causes malformation of an embryo Carcinogens - Answer any substance, radionuclide, or radiation that promotes the formation of cancer Mutagen - Answer a physical or chemical agent that changes the genetic material of an organism Type 1 Drug Reaction - Answer predictable, common, related to medicine Type 2 Drug Reaction - Answer unpredictable, uncommon, not related to the medicine Karyotype - Answer the number and visual appearance of chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species Trisomy - Answer a genetic disorder in which a person has three copies of a chromosome instead of two -extra one Monosomy - Answer a form of aneuploidy with the presence of only one chromosome from a pair -missing one Gene-environment interaction - Answer when two different genotypes respond to environmental variation in different ways Epigenetics - Answer stable heritable traits that are added to DNA or chromosomes without changing anything -in addition to traditional inheritance Innate Immunity - Answer in-born and existing from birth or natural to a person or animal -rapid -basis of inflammation neutrophils - Answer suicide killer cells Phagocytes - Answer eat invading cells and debris from neutrophils Adaptive Immunity - Answer B and T cells -acquired -response to exposure (antigens) Antigen - Answer molecule on foreign body that provokes immune response Allergy - Answer immune response to something harmless that triggers inflammation Asthma - Answer more sever response with a similar reaction to allergies Autoimmune Disorder - Answer when the body decided healthy cells are foreign bodies and starts attacking them -women are generally more susceptible -connections to: immune regulation, environment, Genes Hygiene Hypothesis - Answer early exposure to bacteria and environment endotoxins may prevent future allergies or asthma -----> a lack of early childhood exposure to infectious agents, symbiotic microorganisms (such as the gut flora or probiotics), and parasites increases susceptibility to allergic diseases by suppressing the natural development of the immune system. Vaccines - Answer composed of a killed or weakened antigen -allows exposure to immune system without the sickness Subunit - Answer some part of a virus