FOM 2 – Midterm Questions and Correct Solutions Rated A+

I have no Mitochondria. I can only perform glycolysis to make ATP. What type of cell am I? - Red blood cell (erythrocyte) I have Mitochondria. I can perform glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (TCA, ETC). But I do NOT have glycogen stores, I cannot perform FA Oxidation. I can use ketones for energy, but I don't like to. What type of cell am I? - Neuron (brain cell) I can perform glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. I have glycogen stores. I can burn Fatty acids for energy. and I LOVE using ketones. What type of cell am I? - Skeletal muscle I can perform glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. I do NOT have glycogen stores. I can burn fatty acids for energy. but I CANNOT use ketones. What type of cell am I? - Adipocyte I can perform glycolysis and oxidative phosph.. I can make glycogen and break it down (glycogenolysis). I can also make new glucose (gluconeogenesis). I can both make and burn fatty acids. I can also make ketones, but I CANNOT use them. What type of cell am I? - Hepatocyte (liver cell) Once glucose is ______ it is trapped in the cell and cannot go thru transporter - Phosphorylated ___ phosphorylates glucose to glucose-6-p in the liver and _______ cells. It has a __ affinity for glucose and therefore a ____ Km. - Glucokinase, Pancreatic-B low, high ____ P's glucose to glu-6-P in all cells except liver and pancreatic-B cells. It has a __ affinity for glu and therefore a __ Km? - Hexokinase High, Low ____ is the systemic glucose transporter. It is highly sensitive to ___. Has a ____ affinity because it wants to get glu to glycolysis cycle quickly. It has a ____ Vmax. - GLUT4, insulin high, high ___ is the glucose transporter in hepatocytes and pancreatic-B cells. It is NOT ____-receptor dependant. it is only sensitive to very high blood glu. It has a __ affinity for glucose. - GLUT2 insulin low Rate-limiting step of glycolysis is ___? It is highly regulated by this other enzyme ____? - PFK-1, PFK-2 Insulin ____'s PFK-2, causing it to become ___. Gllucagon ____'s PFK-2, causing to become ___. - De-phosphorylates, active Phosphorylates, inactive. Glucose --?-- Glucose-6-P --?-- Fructose-6-P --?-- Fructose-1,6-bisP ---?-- DHAP + Glyceraldehyde-3-P --?-- 1,3-biP-glycerate --?-- 3-P-glycerate --?- PEP --/?-- Pyruvate - Hexokinase (or glucokinase)*, Isomerase PFK-1*, Aldolase Glyceraldehyde-P-dehydrogenase, P-glycerate Kinase Mutase, Pyruvate Kinase* * = Irreversible step Steps of glycolysis that require Energy input? Steps that produce Energy? - Input: Glucose ---hexokinase(ATP--ADP)-- Glu-6-P Fructose-6-P --PFK-1-- Fru -1,6-bisP (ATP-- ADP) Output: Glyceraldehyde-3-P --G3P Dehydrogenase(NAD--.NADH)--. 1,3-biP-glycerate --P-Glyc-kinase (ADP--ATP)---- --PEP--Pyruvate Kinase (ADP--ATP)--Pyruvate in glycolysis pathway: some of 1,3-BPG ---- ? , which acts as an allosteric inhibtor of ___ , reduces O2 affinity, enhances O2 delivery. Increased by anemia and high altitude. - 2,3 - BPG , Hemoglobin Glucose-6-P ---?-- 6-phosphogluconolactone. ___ is a cofactor of this enzyme, and it's very important to remove ____ from cells. - Glu-6-P Dehydrogenase, NADP (NADP--NADPH), H2O2 Pentose Phosphate Pathway: Glu-6-P--G6PDH--6-Phosphogluconolactone---?-- Ribose-5-P ---- ? and ? , which go right back into glycolysis. - Transketolase Glyceraldehyde-3-P and Fructose-6-P Transketolase activity requires ___ as a cofactor? Check transketolase levels to check for a deficiency of this. - Thiamin Antimalarial drugs lead to a buildup of __ in our cells. In RBC's, this buildup can lead to ____. If we have a deficiency in ____ enzyme in this case, we're especially screwed. - H202, hemolytic anemia, Glu-6-P-dehydrogenase Citrate Is Krebs Start Substrate For Making Oxoloacetate stands for? - Citrate Isocitrate a-Ketoglutarate Succinyl-CoA Succinate Fumarate Malate Oxoloacetate 5 cofactors for pyruvate dehydrogenase complex? - TPP - cofactor form of Thiamin (B1) Lipoic Acid CoA - cofactor form pantothenic acid (B5) FAD - cofactor form of riboflavin (B2) NAD+ - cofactor form of niacin (B3)