Explain and briefly evaluate functionalism (12 marks)
The concept of functionalism by a sociological definition is the theory that society is a complicated
system that has specific parts that work together to create social solidarity and stability. Sociologists
such as Durkheim believe that the members within the society must work together to feel a sense of
social solidarity and a feeling of belonging. Durkheim argues that for society to work properly, the
individuals must not put themselves before their society as a whole. If an individual does this they
may feel a sense of “anomie” or normlessness. The individual may lose their sense of identity and
belonging. Anomie is the break down of society due to an individual putting themselves before the
larger society. The individual won’t feel a sense of belonging and part of said society.
Another functionalist sociologist “Parsons” saw the importance of socialisation and value consensus
within society. Socialisation from primary socialisation like family is important for the values and
norms within the individual. But where it gets interesting is secondary socialisation which relies on
the institutions within society like school, the workplace and some aspects of religion. These
institutions must work together to create the shared norms and values within society. Organic
analogy is often the comparison used for society. Each part of the system is a vital piece for it to run
and function. Functionalism is often described as a structural theory due to its clearcut structure.
The concept of functionalism by a sociological definition is the theory that society is a complicated
system that has specific parts that work together to create social solidarity and stability. Sociologists
such as Durkheim believe that the members within the society must work together to feel a sense of
social solidarity and a feeling of belonging. Durkheim argues that for society to work properly, the
individuals must not put themselves before their society as a whole. If an individual does this they
may feel a sense of “anomie” or normlessness. The individual may lose their sense of identity and
belonging. Anomie is the break down of society due to an individual putting themselves before the
larger society. The individual won’t feel a sense of belonging and part of said society.
Another functionalist sociologist “Parsons” saw the importance of socialisation and value consensus
within society. Socialisation from primary socialisation like family is important for the values and
norms within the individual. But where it gets interesting is secondary socialisation which relies on
the institutions within society like school, the workplace and some aspects of religion. These
institutions must work together to create the shared norms and values within society. Organic
analogy is often the comparison used for society. Each part of the system is a vital piece for it to run
and function. Functionalism is often described as a structural theory due to its clearcut structure.
