NUR 329 long answer questions With Complete Solutions

A public health framework that is often referred to is that of upstream, midstream and downstream factors, all of which are interconnected to health determinants and ultimately health. Provide an outline and examples for each upstream, midstream and downstream factors in reference to public health correct answer: Upstream public health framework focuses on a global and international aspect that is influenced by government policies, creating health opportunities. Midstream public health address lifestyle and behavioural factors such as diet, exercise alcohol consumption and mental health Downstream public health focuses on biological & psychological reactions to up/midstream factors which shape outcomes such as bloods, lipids and blood pressure. The health promotion paradigm is one of prevention. There are 3 levels of prevention: primary, secondary and tertiary. -Provide a brief definition of each level of prevention: primary, secondary and tertiary -Provide an example at each level for chronic obstructive airway disease correct answer: Primary focuses maintaining of health programs as a whole population such as seat belts, anti-smoking, physical exercise Secondary focuses on minimising the risk to individuals and early detection such in cancer screenings (breast, prostate and colorectal), and diabetes Tertiary focuses on interventions to reduce symptoms, disabilities & premature deaths. this is achieved through self-management, treatments & support Primary- exercice program to maintain lung function Secondary- lung function test & spirometry Tertiary- Lung rehabilitation Provide a definition of epidemiology. Outline how epidemiology contributes to public health In epidemiology, we refer to the subclinical stage of disease Outline what is meant by the subclinical stage of disease & provide an example of a disease a subclinical stage may occur in correct answer: Epidemiology is the study of distribution & determinants of health-related states