CompTIA Advanced Security Practitioner (CASP) - 01 Cryptography questions with correct answers

Key Stretching - Answer Makes a weak key stronger by increasing the time it takes to test each possible key. The original key is fed to an algorithm to produce an enhanced key, which should be at least 128 bits. Systems that use key stretching - Answer Pretty Good Privacy (PGP), GNU Privacy Guard (GPG), Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA & WPA2) Key Stretching algorithms - Answer Password-Based Key Derivation Function 2 (PBKDF2), bcrypt and scrypt Hashing - Answer running data through a cryptographic function to produce a one-way message digest. Message Authentication Code (MAC) - Answer a one-way hash value is encrypted with a symmetric key to prevent an attacker from modifying the original message and appending a new hash value Basic steps of a hash function - Answer 1) Apply hash function to message and get hash value 2) Send message and hash value 3) Receiver applies the hash function to the message 4) Receiver compares sender's hash to their own hash 5) If hashes match, then message unaltered