TEFL – L1 acquisition
– Learner: highly individual, differs in attitudes and appearence: differs in L1, lerning history,
age, intelligence, aptitude, personality, motivation, learner preferences
– L1: mother tounge → acquired, not learned
– learning occurs actively (cognitive): conciously taught through instuctions
– Most people need an instructor
theories of L1&L2 acquisition/learning:
behaviorism: skinner
– child born without any linguistic contect → learning from scratch
– shaped through positive or negative reinforcement
– learner seen as empty vessel → teacher pours knowledge
– language is learnt like everything else, from zero to hero
critics:
– behaviorism can be seen with animal behavior, but not with human
– humen learning is not equa to language learning
nativism: chomsky
– language develops naturally along the way, like walking
– children born with a black box giving access to the basic rules of a language
– black box = LAD
– Lad looks for appropiate and correct grammar to be fitted within the language learnt.
Cognitivism: vygotski
– L2 is learnt by using parts of the L1 as well as world knowledge and input
– evaluating newly learnt knowledge with the already existing (checking L2 with L1,
examining similarities and differences)
– learners pass through different learning stages: cant be applied to language learning that
easily
audio-lingual method:
– language seen as well-ordered with underlying structures
– mastered learners can react fluently
– joined with behaviorism
– invented in 1940s
– Army method
– Learner: highly individual, differs in attitudes and appearence: differs in L1, lerning history,
age, intelligence, aptitude, personality, motivation, learner preferences
– L1: mother tounge → acquired, not learned
– learning occurs actively (cognitive): conciously taught through instuctions
– Most people need an instructor
theories of L1&L2 acquisition/learning:
behaviorism: skinner
– child born without any linguistic contect → learning from scratch
– shaped through positive or negative reinforcement
– learner seen as empty vessel → teacher pours knowledge
– language is learnt like everything else, from zero to hero
critics:
– behaviorism can be seen with animal behavior, but not with human
– humen learning is not equa to language learning
nativism: chomsky
– language develops naturally along the way, like walking
– children born with a black box giving access to the basic rules of a language
– black box = LAD
– Lad looks for appropiate and correct grammar to be fitted within the language learnt.
Cognitivism: vygotski
– L2 is learnt by using parts of the L1 as well as world knowledge and input
– evaluating newly learnt knowledge with the already existing (checking L2 with L1,
examining similarities and differences)
– learners pass through different learning stages: cant be applied to language learning that
easily
audio-lingual method:
– language seen as well-ordered with underlying structures
– mastered learners can react fluently
– joined with behaviorism
– invented in 1940s
– Army method
