Straighterline Philosophy Final Exam 100+ questions and answers 2023

Straighterline Philosophy Final Exam 100+ questions and answers 2023 1. philosophy: love of wisdom or knowledge; encompasses all other disciplines 2. epistemology: the theory or study of knowledge. It asks: How do we know what we know, and can we know anything at all? 3. metaphysics: the branch of philosophy most interested in the question of reality and existence 4. axiology: study of value; deals with artistic value or the value of self-expression 5. ethics: looks at what is right and wrong, moral character, and virtue 6. logic: a device used in philosophy that refers to both an area of philosophical inquiry and a tool to pursue knowledge 7. Socratic Method: a philosophical method where questions and answers lead to wisdom 8. circular reasoning: finds a conclusion based upon an assumption that is basically the same thing as the conclusion 9. black or white fallacy: assumes that answers to questions must be once conclusion or its total opposite 10. red herring fallacy: an attempt to discredit another philosophical proposition by invoking another unrelated point 11. straw man fallacy: when philosophers misrepresent the view of another philosopher to repudiate their conclusions 12. Heraclitus: "You cannot step in the same river twice"; believed the world was essentially made up of fire and that the world is ever changing, dynamic, and constantly on the move 13. Parmenides: believed that all being and all reality is one, unified, and unchanging; knowledge comes from oneself and not the senses 14. Atomism: the philosophical position that all things consist of minute, imperceptible, and indivisible particles; led by Leucippus and Democritus 15. arche: a substance that causes and constitutes all things in the world 16. Pythagoras: believed that all matter in the world was made up of numbers (hence his famous theorem) 17. Sophists: Greek philosophers well-known for their oratorical skill, as they taught students how to argue and persuade an audience