BTEC Applied Science Unit One Chemistry – Complete Questions and Answers 2023

BTEC Applied Science Unit One Chemistry – Complete Questions and Answers 2023. How many electrons can each orbital hold? correct answerTwo How many electrons can be held in each sub shell? correct answerS - 2 P - 6 D - 10 F - 18 Put the sub shells in order do their energy, lowest to highest correct answerS, p, d and f How do we fill the p and d subshells correct answersingly first and then doubly What is an orbital? correct answerA region of space around the nucleus where there is a 95% chances of finding an electron What is the Aufbau principle? correct answerAn electron occupies the lowest-energy orbital that can receive it What happens when an electron absorbs radiation? correct answerIt moves from the ground state energy level to a higher energy level What happens when an electron moves from the higher energy levels to a lower energy level? correct answerEmits radiation Define Ionic bonding correct answerThe electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions Where does ionic bonding occur?l correct answerbetween metals and non-metal What is electron spin? correct answerElectrons have two states, spin up and spin down. In an orbital each electron will be in a different spin state How do we form an ion? correct answerPositive ions - cation - lose electrons Negative ions - anion - gains electrons What is an ionic lattice? correct answerA regular arrangement of positive and negative ions What does the strength of an ionic bond depend on? correct answerIonic change ( the higher the charge the stronger the electrostatic force, however this force gets weaker as the radius of the ion increases) Ionic radii ( the more shells the bigger the radius of the ion) Explain why ionic compounds are electrically neutral. correct answerTotal positive charge of cations equals the total negative charge of anions Explain why ionic compounds can conduct electricity when molten or dissolved but not when solid correct answerIn solids the ions cannot move In molten or dissolved states the ions are free to move and carry a current Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points? correct answerBecause of the strong electrostatic attraction between ions, it takes a lot of energy to separate the positive and negative ions in a crystal lattice Why does ionic radius increase down a group? correct answerincreasing number of energy levels What happens to the function the ionic radius of metals across a period? correct answerThe ionic radius decreases for metals forming actions as the metals lose their outer elections What happens to the ionic radius of non metals across a period? correct answerThe ionic radius increases for non metals as the effective nuclear charge decreases due to the number of electrons exceeding the number of protons Define covalent bond correct answerA shared pair of electrons between two atoms There is a strong electrostatic attraction between the nuclei and the electrons being shared Where do covalent bonds form? correct answerBetween two non-metal atoms. How many electrons are shared between atoms in 1. Single bonds 2. Double bonds 3. Triple bonds correct answer1. Two 2. Four 3. Six What is the relationship between home length and bond strength? correct answerThe longer the bond the weaker it is Single bonds are longer than double or triple bonds this makes them weaker What is a lone pair of electrons? correct answerunshared pair of electrons What is a dative covalent bond? correct answerA covalent bond in which the pair of electrons being shared is donated by one atom Define metallic bonding? correct answerThe electrostatic attraction between a regular array of positive ions and the sea of delocalised electrons What are delocalised electrons? correct answerDelocalised electrons are electrons that can move meaning they can conduct heat and electrons How are delocalised electrons formed? correct answerWhen an metal atom loses electrons and forms a positive ion What is a giant metallic structure? correct answerA lattice of many atoms held together in regular layers by metallic bonding Why are metals able to conduct electricity? correct answerThe delocalised electrons that make up a metal are highly mobile Why are metals malleable and ductiles? correct answerMetals are malleable and ductiles because the layers of atoms can slide over each other be rearranged State the three types of intermolecular forged in order of their strength correct answer1. London dispersion 2. Dipole - dipole 3. Hydrogen bonding What holds simple covalent molecules together? correct answerWeak intermolecular forces, when these break, changes of state occur State where dipole - dipole forces can be found correct answerThey are found in polar molecules (things with a permanent partially negative end and a permanent partially positive end) Explain how dipole - dipole forces are formed correct answerThey arise from a large difference in electronegativity between the two atoms. The greater the electronegativity, the stronger the permanent dipole Explain how dipole - dipole forces cause molecules to be attracted to one another correct answerpolar molecules have partially positive and partially negative sides (which correspond to the side of the molecule which is more or less electronegative) because opposite charges attract one another, these molecules stick electrostatically What symbols do we use to show that something has a partial positive or partial negative charge? correct answerDelta+ and deltaState where London dispersion forces can be found correct answerBetween all non-polar covalent molecules