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MULTIMODAL FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND PORT MANAGEMENT
Contents
MULTIMODAL FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND PORT MANAGEMENT ......................................................... 1
Session 1. Introduction and aspects of intermodal freight transport .............................................................. 6
1. Success of transport ............................................................................................................................. 6
2. Transport .............................................................................................................................................. 8
3. Division of transport according to criteria............................................................................................... 9
4. Specific characteristics of transport ....................................................................................................... 9
5. Intermodal freight transport ................................................................................................................. 10
6. Intermodal freight transport: Importance for the economy ................................................................... 12
7. Choice of mode of transport ................................................................................................................ 13
8. Transportsystems................................................................................................................................ 14
9. Transport technical division ................................................................................................................. 16
10. Measuring of transport ...................................................................................................................... 17
11. Modal split ......................................................................................................................................... 17
12. Modal split of Antwerp ....................................................................................................................... 17
13. Recap of chapter 1 ............................................................................................................................ 18
Session 2. Trends in container shipping ..................................................................................................... 19
1. Growing maritimisation of world economy ........................................................................................... 19
2. Growing maritimisation of world economy: Drastic changes and trends .............................................. 21
3. Growing maritimisation of world economy: Trends in shipping ............................................................ 22
4. Growing maritimisation of world economy: Scale increase of container shipping ................................ 24
5. Growing maritimisation of world economy: Effects on ports................................................................. 26
6. Intermodal transport equipment........................................................................................................... 27
7. Types of containers ............................................................................................................................. 27
8. Container identification ........................................................................................................................ 29
9. Increased competition ......................................................................................................................... 30
10. Recap of chapter 2 ............................................................................................................................ 30
Session 3. Handling equipment .................................................................................................................. 31
1. RTG – Rubber Tyred Gantry cranes ................................................................................................... 31
2. RMG – Rail Mounted Gantry cranes ................................................................................................... 32
3. Forklifts with different types of ‘forks’ ................................................................................................... 32
4. Reach stackers ................................................................................................................................... 33
5. Empty container handler ..................................................................................................................... 33
5. Straddle carrier ................................................................................................................................... 33
6. Automatic Stacking Cranes ................................................................................................................. 34
7. Automated guided vehicles (AGV) ...................................................................................................... 34
8. Landside operations ............................................................................................................................ 34
9. Comparisons ....................................................................................................................................... 35
10. Summary chapter 3 ........................................................................................................................... 36
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Session 4. Types of vessels and intermodal equipment.............................................................................. 36
1. Intermodal transport equipment........................................................................................................... 36
2. Shipbuilding: Freeboard ...................................................................................................................... 37
3. Different types of vessels .................................................................................................................... 38
3.1 General cargo ships....................................................................................................................... 39
3.2 Container vessel ............................................................................................................................ 40
3.3 Roro-vessels ................................................................................................................................. 41
3.4 Dry bulk vessels ............................................................................................................................ 42
3.5 Tankers ......................................................................................................................................... 42
3.6 Heavy lift or heavy load ................................................................................................................. 44
3.7 Cruise vessels ............................................................................................................................... 44
3.8 Fishing vessels .............................................................................................................................. 44
4. Inland navigation ................................................................................................................................. 44
5. Type of vessels ................................................................................................................................... 45
5. Locomotives ........................................................................................................................................ 46
6. Wagons............................................................................................................................................... 46
7. Road transport .................................................................................................................................... 47
8. Discussion: Future of shipping ............................................................................................................ 47
Session 8. Shipbuilding .............................................................................................................................. 48
1. Major layout of a vessel ...................................................................................................................... 48
2. Major characteristics of a vessel ......................................................................................................... 49
3. Ship tonnage ....................................................................................................................................... 50
4. Freeboard ........................................................................................................................................... 51
4.1 Plimsoll mark ................................................................................................................................. 52
5. Classification of vessels ...................................................................................................................... 52
6. Repairs of vessels ............................................................................................................................... 53
7. Kind of propulsion ............................................................................................................................... 53
8. Standard vessels ................................................................................................................................ 54
9. Delivered vessels: Evolutions .............................................................................................................. 54
10. Discussion: Future of shipping .......................................................................................................... 55
Chapter 8. Intermodal system design ......................................................................................................... 55
1. Design of intermodal transport networks ............................................................................................. 55
2. Intermodal transport business models ................................................................................................. 58
3. Economics of intermodal transport ...................................................................................................... 60
4. Intermodal service management ......................................................................................................... 61
5. Conclusion .......................................................................................................................................... 62
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Chapter 9. Intermodal logistics ................................................................................................................... 62
1. Challenges to the adoption of intermodal transport ............................................................................. 62
2. Modifying the supply chain to suit intermodal transport ....................................................................... 62
3. Case study of UK retailers................................................................................................................... 64
4. Case study of shipper-forwarder integration by Julia and Schenker .................................................... 64
5. Conclusion .......................................................................................................................................... 64
Session 5. Rail Operations ......................................................................................................................... 64
1. Port-Hinterland versus continental/domestic ....................................................................................... 65
2. Rail network design ............................................................................................................................. 66
3. Train operations .................................................................................................................................. 67
4. Equipment for intermodal rail freight .................................................................................................... 68
5. Economics of intermodal rail freight .................................................................................................... 68
6. Opportunities to improve ..................................................................................................................... 69
7. Application to the port of Antwerp........................................................................................................ 69
Session 6. Inland Waterways Operations ................................................................................................... 72
1. Inland waterway transport and terminal operations ............................................................................. 73
2. Transhipment operations – Terminals ................................................................................................. 75
3. Inland waterways logistics – Management operations ......................................................................... 75
4. Inland waterways – Challenges ........................................................................................................... 76
5. Application to the port of Antwerp........................................................................................................ 77
6. Port of Antwerp – Building of forces .................................................................................................... 78
Session 7. Intermodal Road distribution ..................................................................................................... 80
1. Pre- and post-haulage......................................................................................................................... 80
2. Urban distribution and intermodal transport ......................................................................................... 81
3. Inbound logistics and last mile ............................................................................................................ 81
4. High capacity transport ....................................................................................................................... 82
5. Long heavy vehicles............................................................................................................................ 82
6. Maximising existing hinterland connections ......................................................................................... 84
7. Evolutions in port ................................................................................................................................ 85
Chapter 6. Intermodal terminal design and operations ................................................................................ 86
1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 86
2. Intermodal terminal development ........................................................................................................ 86
3. Intermodal terminal design .................................................................................................................. 88
4. Terminal concession ........................................................................................................................... 90
5. Terminal operations and governance .................................................................................................. 91
6. Intermodal terminals from a life cycle perspective ............................................................................... 92
7. Conclusion .......................................................................................................................................... 93
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Chapter 11. Modelling of intermodal systems ............................................................................................. 94
1. Complexity of designing intermodal systems ....................................................................................... 94
2. Modelling of intermodal systems ......................................................................................................... 95
2.1 Strategic, tactical and operational models...................................................................................... 95
2.2 Focus the model ............................................................................................................................ 97
2.3 View of the world ........................................................................................................................... 97
3.4 Input data ...................................................................................................................................... 97
3.5 Simplifications................................................................................................................................ 97
3.6 Verification and validation .............................................................................................................. 97
3.7 Using the results ............................................................................................................................ 97
4. Four-step model .................................................................................................................................. 97
4.1 Production and attraction ............................................................................................................... 97
4.2 Trip distribution .............................................................................................................................. 97
4.3 Modal split ..................................................................................................................................... 98
4.4 Assignment.................................................................................................................................... 98
5. Agent-based models ........................................................................................................................... 99
6. LAMBIT modelling system................................................................................................................... 99
6.1 GIS-based analysis methodology ................................................................................................ 100
6.2 Scenario analyses ....................................................................................................................... 100
7. Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................ 100
Chapter 12. Operations research and intermodal transport ...................................................................... 102
1. Intermodal freight transportation........................................................................................................ 102
2. Primer on operations research .......................................................................................................... 103
3. Prescriptive models ........................................................................................................................... 104
4. Predictive models .............................................................................................................................. 104
5. Perspectives and conclusions ........................................................................................................... 104
MULTIMODAL FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND PORT MANAGEMENT
Contents
MULTIMODAL FREIGHT TRANSPORT AND PORT MANAGEMENT ......................................................... 1
Session 1. Introduction and aspects of intermodal freight transport .............................................................. 6
1. Success of transport ............................................................................................................................. 6
2. Transport .............................................................................................................................................. 8
3. Division of transport according to criteria............................................................................................... 9
4. Specific characteristics of transport ....................................................................................................... 9
5. Intermodal freight transport ................................................................................................................. 10
6. Intermodal freight transport: Importance for the economy ................................................................... 12
7. Choice of mode of transport ................................................................................................................ 13
8. Transportsystems................................................................................................................................ 14
9. Transport technical division ................................................................................................................. 16
10. Measuring of transport ...................................................................................................................... 17
11. Modal split ......................................................................................................................................... 17
12. Modal split of Antwerp ....................................................................................................................... 17
13. Recap of chapter 1 ............................................................................................................................ 18
Session 2. Trends in container shipping ..................................................................................................... 19
1. Growing maritimisation of world economy ........................................................................................... 19
2. Growing maritimisation of world economy: Drastic changes and trends .............................................. 21
3. Growing maritimisation of world economy: Trends in shipping ............................................................ 22
4. Growing maritimisation of world economy: Scale increase of container shipping ................................ 24
5. Growing maritimisation of world economy: Effects on ports................................................................. 26
6. Intermodal transport equipment........................................................................................................... 27
7. Types of containers ............................................................................................................................. 27
8. Container identification ........................................................................................................................ 29
9. Increased competition ......................................................................................................................... 30
10. Recap of chapter 2 ............................................................................................................................ 30
Session 3. Handling equipment .................................................................................................................. 31
1. RTG – Rubber Tyred Gantry cranes ................................................................................................... 31
2. RMG – Rail Mounted Gantry cranes ................................................................................................... 32
3. Forklifts with different types of ‘forks’ ................................................................................................... 32
4. Reach stackers ................................................................................................................................... 33
5. Empty container handler ..................................................................................................................... 33
5. Straddle carrier ................................................................................................................................... 33
6. Automatic Stacking Cranes ................................................................................................................. 34
7. Automated guided vehicles (AGV) ...................................................................................................... 34
8. Landside operations ............................................................................................................................ 34
9. Comparisons ....................................................................................................................................... 35
10. Summary chapter 3 ........................................................................................................................... 36
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Session 4. Types of vessels and intermodal equipment.............................................................................. 36
1. Intermodal transport equipment........................................................................................................... 36
2. Shipbuilding: Freeboard ...................................................................................................................... 37
3. Different types of vessels .................................................................................................................... 38
3.1 General cargo ships....................................................................................................................... 39
3.2 Container vessel ............................................................................................................................ 40
3.3 Roro-vessels ................................................................................................................................. 41
3.4 Dry bulk vessels ............................................................................................................................ 42
3.5 Tankers ......................................................................................................................................... 42
3.6 Heavy lift or heavy load ................................................................................................................. 44
3.7 Cruise vessels ............................................................................................................................... 44
3.8 Fishing vessels .............................................................................................................................. 44
4. Inland navigation ................................................................................................................................. 44
5. Type of vessels ................................................................................................................................... 45
5. Locomotives ........................................................................................................................................ 46
6. Wagons............................................................................................................................................... 46
7. Road transport .................................................................................................................................... 47
8. Discussion: Future of shipping ............................................................................................................ 47
Session 8. Shipbuilding .............................................................................................................................. 48
1. Major layout of a vessel ...................................................................................................................... 48
2. Major characteristics of a vessel ......................................................................................................... 49
3. Ship tonnage ....................................................................................................................................... 50
4. Freeboard ........................................................................................................................................... 51
4.1 Plimsoll mark ................................................................................................................................. 52
5. Classification of vessels ...................................................................................................................... 52
6. Repairs of vessels ............................................................................................................................... 53
7. Kind of propulsion ............................................................................................................................... 53
8. Standard vessels ................................................................................................................................ 54
9. Delivered vessels: Evolutions .............................................................................................................. 54
10. Discussion: Future of shipping .......................................................................................................... 55
Chapter 8. Intermodal system design ......................................................................................................... 55
1. Design of intermodal transport networks ............................................................................................. 55
2. Intermodal transport business models ................................................................................................. 58
3. Economics of intermodal transport ...................................................................................................... 60
4. Intermodal service management ......................................................................................................... 61
5. Conclusion .......................................................................................................................................... 62
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Chapter 9. Intermodal logistics ................................................................................................................... 62
1. Challenges to the adoption of intermodal transport ............................................................................. 62
2. Modifying the supply chain to suit intermodal transport ....................................................................... 62
3. Case study of UK retailers................................................................................................................... 64
4. Case study of shipper-forwarder integration by Julia and Schenker .................................................... 64
5. Conclusion .......................................................................................................................................... 64
Session 5. Rail Operations ......................................................................................................................... 64
1. Port-Hinterland versus continental/domestic ....................................................................................... 65
2. Rail network design ............................................................................................................................. 66
3. Train operations .................................................................................................................................. 67
4. Equipment for intermodal rail freight .................................................................................................... 68
5. Economics of intermodal rail freight .................................................................................................... 68
6. Opportunities to improve ..................................................................................................................... 69
7. Application to the port of Antwerp........................................................................................................ 69
Session 6. Inland Waterways Operations ................................................................................................... 72
1. Inland waterway transport and terminal operations ............................................................................. 73
2. Transhipment operations – Terminals ................................................................................................. 75
3. Inland waterways logistics – Management operations ......................................................................... 75
4. Inland waterways – Challenges ........................................................................................................... 76
5. Application to the port of Antwerp........................................................................................................ 77
6. Port of Antwerp – Building of forces .................................................................................................... 78
Session 7. Intermodal Road distribution ..................................................................................................... 80
1. Pre- and post-haulage......................................................................................................................... 80
2. Urban distribution and intermodal transport ......................................................................................... 81
3. Inbound logistics and last mile ............................................................................................................ 81
4. High capacity transport ....................................................................................................................... 82
5. Long heavy vehicles............................................................................................................................ 82
6. Maximising existing hinterland connections ......................................................................................... 84
7. Evolutions in port ................................................................................................................................ 85
Chapter 6. Intermodal terminal design and operations ................................................................................ 86
1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 86
2. Intermodal terminal development ........................................................................................................ 86
3. Intermodal terminal design .................................................................................................................. 88
4. Terminal concession ........................................................................................................................... 90
5. Terminal operations and governance .................................................................................................. 91
6. Intermodal terminals from a life cycle perspective ............................................................................... 92
7. Conclusion .......................................................................................................................................... 93
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Chapter 11. Modelling of intermodal systems ............................................................................................. 94
1. Complexity of designing intermodal systems ....................................................................................... 94
2. Modelling of intermodal systems ......................................................................................................... 95
2.1 Strategic, tactical and operational models...................................................................................... 95
2.2 Focus the model ............................................................................................................................ 97
2.3 View of the world ........................................................................................................................... 97
3.4 Input data ...................................................................................................................................... 97
3.5 Simplifications................................................................................................................................ 97
3.6 Verification and validation .............................................................................................................. 97
3.7 Using the results ............................................................................................................................ 97
4. Four-step model .................................................................................................................................. 97
4.1 Production and attraction ............................................................................................................... 97
4.2 Trip distribution .............................................................................................................................. 97
4.3 Modal split ..................................................................................................................................... 98
4.4 Assignment.................................................................................................................................... 98
5. Agent-based models ........................................................................................................................... 99
6. LAMBIT modelling system................................................................................................................... 99
6.1 GIS-based analysis methodology ................................................................................................ 100
6.2 Scenario analyses ....................................................................................................................... 100
7. Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................ 100
Chapter 12. Operations research and intermodal transport ...................................................................... 102
1. Intermodal freight transportation........................................................................................................ 102
2. Primer on operations research .......................................................................................................... 103
3. Prescriptive models ........................................................................................................................... 104
4. Predictive models .............................................................................................................................. 104
5. Perspectives and conclusions ........................................................................................................... 104
