,module one
cells and
major life processes
① lecture one →
classifying life on earth
0
PROPERTIES OF LIFE
:
D ordered
order organisms are
highly
→
→ within
every cell ,
atoms make up molecules , which make up cell components / organelles etc .
2) evolutionary adaptation →
adjustment / changes in behaviour,
physiology & structure of an
become more suited to an environment
organism to .
environment
eg pygmy
. seahorses camoflage into
3) regulation →
organisms require regulatory mechanisms to co ord internal
functioning
-
:
regulation of nutrient transfer
:
response to stimuli
ul environmental stress
:
coping
.
eg jack
. rabbit maintains
vessels in its
steady body temp by regulating blood flow
through ears .
4) energy processing
→
energy req . to comp metabolic processes .
eg photosynthesis
5) growth and development →
occurs according to instructions held in
genes .
a) reproduction →
sexual / asexual in order to create new
organisms
.
7) response to environment →
living things must respond to stimuli
eg sunflowers that towards
turn the sun .
eg
humans pull away from a
frame
.
0
VIRUSES
↳
genetic material ) wrapped (DNA / RNA in a protein coat .
↳ lack metabolic machinery necessary to reproduce / carry out metabolic activity w/out a
host .
chemicals
↳
something between +
living organisms .
°
LEVELS OF BIOLOGICAL ORGANISATION
life earth and all the places where
life exists
↳
biosphere all on
= .
particular non-living
=
w/ life
ecosystems living things incl which
↳ .
all in a area .
comps
interacts
eg
soil water, atmospheric gases +
light
.
,
communities
array of organisms living particular ecosystem
↳ =
in a .
individuals species living w/ in the bounds of
↳
populations all the of a
specified area
=
a
individual
↳
organisms =
living things .
body part that is made up of multiple tissues w/ specific functions
↳
organs a
=
.
↳ tissues
group of cells working together w/ specialized functioning
=
.
↳ cells
life's fundamental unit of structure + function
=
.
↳
↳
organelles various
molecules
functional components present in cells
chemical
=
= atoms
structure consisting of 2 or
.
more .
, 0 THREE DOMAINS OF LIFE
:
1) Domain Bacteria
group of prokaryotes
↳ most diverse
2) Domain Archaea
↳ prokaryotic
3) Domain EU Kanga =
eukaryotic organisms
↳
Kingdom plantae
↳
Kingdom fungi
Kingdom animalia
↳
↳
protists =
unicellular eukaryotes + simple multicellular relatives .
0 ORIGIN OF LIFE
earth 4,5 billion old
yrs
=
↳
↳ life world 3,9 billion years ago
life prokaryotes
early
•
•
cyanobacteria ( blue green algae) micro-organisms found in water
-
=
by product ( photosynthetic process)
↳ evolved and released 02 as a -
: .
02 accumulated in the atmosphere .
4) HOW DID LIFE ORIGINATE ?
④ PRIMORDIAL SOUP HYPOTHESIS
↳
oparin haldane theory
-
early atmosphere reducing / electron
adding atmosphere
•
=
-
could be
synthesized from simple molecules
•
organic compounds
↳
energy provided by lightning & ur
'
radiation
↳ '
early oceans
=
solution / soup
:
life arose out this of soup .
•
MILLER EXPERIMENT
mimic conditions on earth
↳ closed system early
simulate
water
flask primeval sea
° =
-
water heated
↳ some uapourieed and moved into 2nd flask '
second
flask
'
-
contains
gases of early atmosphere
NHS
eg.CH 4 , ,
H2 .
sparks simulate
lightning
-
-
condenser cooled atmosphere
:
raining water + dissolved molecules .
-
samples periodically collected
for analysis
.
MILLER EXPERIMENT
=
cells and
major life processes
① lecture one →
classifying life on earth
0
PROPERTIES OF LIFE
:
D ordered
order organisms are
highly
→
→ within
every cell ,
atoms make up molecules , which make up cell components / organelles etc .
2) evolutionary adaptation →
adjustment / changes in behaviour,
physiology & structure of an
become more suited to an environment
organism to .
environment
eg pygmy
. seahorses camoflage into
3) regulation →
organisms require regulatory mechanisms to co ord internal
functioning
-
:
regulation of nutrient transfer
:
response to stimuli
ul environmental stress
:
coping
.
eg jack
. rabbit maintains
vessels in its
steady body temp by regulating blood flow
through ears .
4) energy processing
→
energy req . to comp metabolic processes .
eg photosynthesis
5) growth and development →
occurs according to instructions held in
genes .
a) reproduction →
sexual / asexual in order to create new
organisms
.
7) response to environment →
living things must respond to stimuli
eg sunflowers that towards
turn the sun .
eg
humans pull away from a
frame
.
0
VIRUSES
↳
genetic material ) wrapped (DNA / RNA in a protein coat .
↳ lack metabolic machinery necessary to reproduce / carry out metabolic activity w/out a
host .
chemicals
↳
something between +
living organisms .
°
LEVELS OF BIOLOGICAL ORGANISATION
life earth and all the places where
life exists
↳
biosphere all on
= .
particular non-living
=
w/ life
ecosystems living things incl which
↳ .
all in a area .
comps
interacts
eg
soil water, atmospheric gases +
light
.
,
communities
array of organisms living particular ecosystem
↳ =
in a .
individuals species living w/ in the bounds of
↳
populations all the of a
specified area
=
a
individual
↳
organisms =
living things .
body part that is made up of multiple tissues w/ specific functions
↳
organs a
=
.
↳ tissues
group of cells working together w/ specialized functioning
=
.
↳ cells
life's fundamental unit of structure + function
=
.
↳
↳
organelles various
molecules
functional components present in cells
chemical
=
= atoms
structure consisting of 2 or
.
more .
, 0 THREE DOMAINS OF LIFE
:
1) Domain Bacteria
group of prokaryotes
↳ most diverse
2) Domain Archaea
↳ prokaryotic
3) Domain EU Kanga =
eukaryotic organisms
↳
Kingdom plantae
↳
Kingdom fungi
Kingdom animalia
↳
↳
protists =
unicellular eukaryotes + simple multicellular relatives .
0 ORIGIN OF LIFE
earth 4,5 billion old
yrs
=
↳
↳ life world 3,9 billion years ago
life prokaryotes
early
•
•
cyanobacteria ( blue green algae) micro-organisms found in water
-
=
by product ( photosynthetic process)
↳ evolved and released 02 as a -
: .
02 accumulated in the atmosphere .
4) HOW DID LIFE ORIGINATE ?
④ PRIMORDIAL SOUP HYPOTHESIS
↳
oparin haldane theory
-
early atmosphere reducing / electron
adding atmosphere
•
=
-
could be
synthesized from simple molecules
•
organic compounds
↳
energy provided by lightning & ur
'
radiation
↳ '
early oceans
=
solution / soup
:
life arose out this of soup .
•
MILLER EXPERIMENT
mimic conditions on earth
↳ closed system early
simulate
water
flask primeval sea
° =
-
water heated
↳ some uapourieed and moved into 2nd flask '
second
flask
'
-
contains
gases of early atmosphere
NHS
eg.CH 4 , ,
H2 .
sparks simulate
lightning
-
-
condenser cooled atmosphere
:
raining water + dissolved molecules .
-
samples periodically collected
for analysis
.
MILLER EXPERIMENT
=
