Unit test: The Enlightenment and Romanticism(ANSWERED)

Unit test: The Enlightenment and Romanticism When Bacon changes the definition of love in Of the Wisdom of the Ancients, he is ANS: refining the term To determine the central idea of An Essay on Man, what should the reader do first? ANS: identify the topic Read the passage from "An Essay on Man." Sedate and quiet the comparing lies, Formed but to check, deliberate, and advise. Self-love still stronger, as its objects nigh; Reason's at distance, and in prospect lie: From the context clues, the reader can determine that deliberate means to ANS: XXX gain perspective on a topic. Read the sentence from a paper on Gulliver's Travels. Swift wrote Gulliver's Travels so he could humorously criticize the government. This statement describes Swift's ANS: Purpose Read the passage from Of the Wisdom of the Ancients. This Love is introduced without any parent at all; only, that some say he was an egg of Night. And himself out of Chaos begot all things, the gods included. The attributes which are assigned to him are in number four: he is always an infant; he is blind; he is naked; he is an archer. There was also another Love, the youngest of all the gods, son of Venus, to whom the attributes of the elder are transferred, and whom in a way they suit. Bacon's purpose is to explain what ANS: Love is. Read the passage from Gulliver's Travels. There was a man born blind, who had several apprentices in his own condition: their employment was to mix colours for painters, which their master taught them to distinguish by feeling and smelling. It was indeed my misfortune to find them at that time not very perfect in their lessons, and the professor himself happened to be generally mistaken. This artist is much encouraged and esteemed by the whole fraternity. Which analysis does the passage support? ANS: Swift uses a false premise to create humor. Read the two passages from Of the Wisdom of the Ancients. Passage 1: The fable relates to the cradle and infancy of nature, and pierces deep. This Love I understand to be the appetite or instinct of primal matter; or to speak more plainly, the natural motion of the atom; which is indeed the original and unique force that constitutes and fashions all things out of matter. Passage 2: Let us now consider his attributes. He is described with great elegance as a little child, and a child for ever; for things compounded are larger and are affected by age; whereas the primary seeds of things, or atoms, are minute and remain in perpetual infancy. How do the two passages work together to develop Bacon's argument? ANS: Passage 1 explains his central idea, while passage 2 supports it. Read the sentence from Of the Wisdom of the Ancients. They say then that Love was the most ancient of all the gods; the most ancient therefore of all things whatever, except Chaos, which is said to have been coeval with him; and Chaos is never distinguished by the ancients with divine honour or the name of a god. To correctly paraphrase this sentence, Tamar should ANS: restate it in her own words. Read the passage from "An Essay on Man." Most strength the moving principle requires; Active its task, it prompts, impels, inspires. Sedate and quiet the comparing lies, Formed but to check, deliberate, and advise. Which word in the passage defines sedate? ANS: quiet Read the excerpt from Bruno's summary of Gulliver's Travels. When Gulliver tours the academy, he sees a man attempting to get sunbeams out of cucumbers and a man trying to turn ice into gunpowder. This summary is an example of _____________________ ANS: a paraphrase Read the passage from Gulliver's Travels. There was a most ingenious architect, who had contrived a new method for building houses, by beginning at the roof, and working downward to the foundation. Which is an objective summary of the passage? ANS: Gulliver encounters an architect who builds houses from the top down. Read the passage from Of the Wisdom of the Ancients. Now the philosophy of the Greeks, which in investigating the material principles of things is careful and acute, in inquiring the principles of motion, wherein lies all vigour of operation, is negligent and languid; and on the point now in question seems to be altogether blind and babbling; for that opinion of the Peripatetics which refers the original impulse of matter to privation, is little more than words—a name for the thing rather than a description of it. Which phrase from the passage best states its central idea? ANS: XXX a name for the thing rather than a description of it Read the haiku. Many flowers bloom But no fruit follows in time Bare vines remain. Which word reveals the idea of disappointment? ANS: bare Read the excerpt from "A Modest Proposal." Whereas the maintainance of an hundred thousand children, from two years old, and upwards, cannot be computed at less than ten shillings a piece per annum, the nation's stock will be thereby encreased fifty thousand pounds per annum, besides the profit of a new dish, introduced to the tables of all gentlemen of fortune in the kingdom, who have any refinement in taste. And the money will circulate among our selves, the goods being entirely of our own growth and manufacture. Which sentence best paraphrases the excerpt? ANS: Swift argues that his proposal would increase the circulation of money and strengthen England's economy. Read the haiku. In silent mid-night our old scarecrow topples down . . . weird hollow echo The effect of the diction in this haiku is to create a ANS: foreboding tone. Read the first haiku. Mountain-rose petals falling, falling, falling now . . . waterfall music Now, read the second haiku. By that fallen house the pear-tree stands full-blooming . . . an ancient battle-site What theme do both haiku have in common? ANS: XXX Nature is the original creator of melody. Read the haiku. April's air stirs in willow-leaves . . . a butterfly floats and balances Now, read Gabriel's analysis of the haiku. This haiku contains a kigo in addition to a motif. Which word from the haiku supports Gabriel's analysis? ANS: April's In his paper contrasting a haiku and the poem "Ozymandias," Max wrote this statement. One way the poems differ is that the haiku is organized into three fixed lines, while "Ozymandias" has fourteen lines. Max is comparing the poems' ______________ ANS: structures Read the passage from Of the Wisdom of the Ancients. Let us now consider his [Cupid's] attributes. He is described with great elegance as a little child, and a child for ever; for things compounded are larger and are affected by age; whereas the primary seeds of things, or atoms, are minute and remain in perpetual infancy. Most truly also is he represented as naked: for all compounds (to one that considers them rightly) are masked and clothed; and there is nothing properly naked, except the primary particles of things. Bacon lists Cupid's attributes in order to ANS: XXX show that Cupid is real. Read the passage from Gulliver's Travels. The method is this: in an acre of ground you bury, at six inches distance and eight deep, a quantity of acorns, dates, chestnuts, and other mast or vegetables, whereof these animals are fondest; then you drive six hundred or more of them into the field, where, in a few days, they will root up the whole ground in search of their food, and make it fit for sowing, at the same time manuring it with their dung: it is true, upon experiment, they found the charge and trouble very great, and they had little or no crop. However it is not doubted, that this invention may be capable of great improvement. Which excerpt from the passage is the best example of understatement? ANS: it is not doubted, that this invention may be capable of great improvement Read the passage from Gulliver's Travels. He has been eight years upon a project for extracting sunbeams out of cucumbers, which were to be put in phials hermetically sealed, and let out to warm the air in raw inclement summers. He told me, he did not doubt, that, in eight years more, he should be able to supply the governor's gardens with sunshine, at a reasonable rate: but he complained that his stock was low, and entreated me "to give him something as an encouragement to ingenuity, especially since this had been a very dear season for cucumbers." Which phrase from the passage best helps the reader to identify the passage as a satire? ANS: He has been eight years upon a project for extracting sunbeams out of cucumbers Read the passage from "Ozymandias." Near them, on the sand, Half sunk, a shattered visage lies, whose frown, And wrinkled lip, and sneer of cold command, Tell that its sculptor well those passions read Which yet survive, stamped on these lifeless things, The hand that mocked them and the heart that fed Then _________ in this passage is a common characteristic of the romantic movement. ANS: emotion Read the passage from "Ozymandias." I met a traveller from an antique land Who said: Two vast and trunkless legs of stone Stand in the desert. Near them, on the sand, Half sunk, a shattered visage lies, whose frown, And wrinkled lip, and sneer of cold command, Tell that its sculptor well those passions read Which word from the passage indicates that the face on the statue is showing contempt? ANS: sneer Read the passage from Ozymandias. And on the pedestal these words appear: "My name is Ozymandias, king of kings; Look on my works, ye Mighty, and despair!" Nothing beside remains. Round the decay Of that colossal wreck, boundless and bare The lone and level sands stretch far away. Which word from the poem best summarizes the overall mood of the poem? ANS: XXX decay If Leon wants to write about the theme of "Ozymandias," he should describe ANS: the message in the poem