Second Order Cybernetics
First Order Cybernetics
Our perception of the environment is active and not passive
AN AFRICAN PERSPECTIVE
Looks at how the system is structured, and patterns
involved in this system, focus on the what/how not process (Bevcar & Bevcar, 2014).
the why (Mazabow,2011) Focus should be on the observer as one cannot observe Paradigm shift from Eurocentric to Afr
Observations are made from outside and without something without influencing what is being observed (Bevcar & only be achieved through the pro
the influenced by the process of observation Bevcar, 2014). decolonization and the use of
(Bevcar & Bevcar, 2014). There are no opposites everything is connected (Bevcar & Bevcar,
Focuses events between individuals (relationship) 2014).
not the individual (Bevcar&Bevcar,2014) There are no unliteral or linear causality (Bevcar & Bevcar, 2014).
African paradigm
Patters of interaction not the causes Not open to input from other systems. The boundaries are closed Argues that research
There is no linear causality but circular causality
To understand any event you must look at its context (why) should be conducted
Rules and roles define systems and the information
(Bevcar & Bevcar, 2014). worldview of the pa
coming in and out.
Consists of identifying formulate and repairing the SOC and post modernism states that Furthermore, throug
system (Mazabow,2011). observer is understood to be part of that of an African paradi
which is observed and that, Reality is gaps in the Eurocent
The FOC theory states what is going on inside constructed from an individual’s belief
the system is assed from a position outside closed (Nwoye,2015
system. Furthermore, both concerned with
the system. Which supports the modernists the context and not the discovery.
premise that the therapist observes and African World View
attempts to correct behavior according Post Modernism
normative and acceptable standards. Late 20th C – Earl 21st C The premise of the African world view is that t
Modernism An inquiry that suggests alternative perspectives and out of the spiritual and physical world (Nwoye
Late 19th C and early 20th C question various aspects of Modernism. symptoms may sometimes be from the spiritu
There is only an absolute and universal truth View’s reality as subjective and created, rather than and bad) and the ancestral background of the
Focus on knowledge, reality, and morality discovering behavior we create it. (Bevcar & Bevcar, (Nwoye,2015).
The actions of a modernist are guided by reason and logic. (Bevcar & 2014)
Bevcar, 2014) Reality is understood as a function of the belief Indigenous knowledge is knowledge
Reality is out there and can only be understood and represented system that influences the context and how one owned by indigenous people in a
through scientific research (Bevcar & Bevcar, 2014) acts.(Bevcar & Bevcar, 2014) community. This knowledge is
The answer to our problems is found in the realm of science and one It rejects the idea of universal truths. (Bevcar & passed down from one generation
needs to rely on the knowledge of an expert in that field (Bevcar & Bevcar, 2014) to another (Fouche’,Strydom &
Bevcar, 2014) Client’s possess equal valid perspectives as the expert. Roestenburg, 2021). Survival of the
(Bevcar & Bevcar, 2014)
Reality is objective and occurs out of the client’s mind “reality is out community (environment, cultural
there” (Bevcar & Bevcar, 2014) Facts are replaced by perspectives.
traditions, language ect.) is often
Therapists were metaphorically described as a social engineer’s (Bevcar In therapy, the client is the expert on content and the dependent on the knowledge which
& Bevcar, 2014) therapist is the expert on process. (Bevcar and Bevcar,
2014. passed down.
First Order Cybernetics
Our perception of the environment is active and not passive
AN AFRICAN PERSPECTIVE
Looks at how the system is structured, and patterns
involved in this system, focus on the what/how not process (Bevcar & Bevcar, 2014).
the why (Mazabow,2011) Focus should be on the observer as one cannot observe Paradigm shift from Eurocentric to Afr
Observations are made from outside and without something without influencing what is being observed (Bevcar & only be achieved through the pro
the influenced by the process of observation Bevcar, 2014). decolonization and the use of
(Bevcar & Bevcar, 2014). There are no opposites everything is connected (Bevcar & Bevcar,
Focuses events between individuals (relationship) 2014).
not the individual (Bevcar&Bevcar,2014) There are no unliteral or linear causality (Bevcar & Bevcar, 2014).
African paradigm
Patters of interaction not the causes Not open to input from other systems. The boundaries are closed Argues that research
There is no linear causality but circular causality
To understand any event you must look at its context (why) should be conducted
Rules and roles define systems and the information
(Bevcar & Bevcar, 2014). worldview of the pa
coming in and out.
Consists of identifying formulate and repairing the SOC and post modernism states that Furthermore, throug
system (Mazabow,2011). observer is understood to be part of that of an African paradi
which is observed and that, Reality is gaps in the Eurocent
The FOC theory states what is going on inside constructed from an individual’s belief
the system is assed from a position outside closed (Nwoye,2015
system. Furthermore, both concerned with
the system. Which supports the modernists the context and not the discovery.
premise that the therapist observes and African World View
attempts to correct behavior according Post Modernism
normative and acceptable standards. Late 20th C – Earl 21st C The premise of the African world view is that t
Modernism An inquiry that suggests alternative perspectives and out of the spiritual and physical world (Nwoye
Late 19th C and early 20th C question various aspects of Modernism. symptoms may sometimes be from the spiritu
There is only an absolute and universal truth View’s reality as subjective and created, rather than and bad) and the ancestral background of the
Focus on knowledge, reality, and morality discovering behavior we create it. (Bevcar & Bevcar, (Nwoye,2015).
The actions of a modernist are guided by reason and logic. (Bevcar & 2014)
Bevcar, 2014) Reality is understood as a function of the belief Indigenous knowledge is knowledge
Reality is out there and can only be understood and represented system that influences the context and how one owned by indigenous people in a
through scientific research (Bevcar & Bevcar, 2014) acts.(Bevcar & Bevcar, 2014) community. This knowledge is
The answer to our problems is found in the realm of science and one It rejects the idea of universal truths. (Bevcar & passed down from one generation
needs to rely on the knowledge of an expert in that field (Bevcar & Bevcar, 2014) to another (Fouche’,Strydom &
Bevcar, 2014) Client’s possess equal valid perspectives as the expert. Roestenburg, 2021). Survival of the
(Bevcar & Bevcar, 2014)
Reality is objective and occurs out of the client’s mind “reality is out community (environment, cultural
there” (Bevcar & Bevcar, 2014) Facts are replaced by perspectives.
traditions, language ect.) is often
Therapists were metaphorically described as a social engineer’s (Bevcar In therapy, the client is the expert on content and the dependent on the knowledge which
& Bevcar, 2014) therapist is the expert on process. (Bevcar and Bevcar,
2014. passed down.
