SUMMARY
A BASIC GUIDE TO
INTERNATINOAL BUSINESS
LAW
ANIKA OCHEL
H. Wevers, LLM – Noordhoff Uitgevers
, TABLE OF CONTENTS
List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................... 3
1. Introduction to International Private Law and European Law ............................................................ 4
1.1 Introduction to International Private Law .................................................................................... 4
1.2 Introduction to European Law ...................................................................................................... 4
2. Negotiations ....................................................................................................................................... 7
2.1 Reaching an Agreement ............................................................................................................... 7
2.2 Legal Aspects of Negotiations....................................................................................................... 8
2.3 Breaking Off Negotiations: Breach of Contract or Tort? ............................................................... 8
3. EEX.................................................................................................................................................... 10
3.1 What Court of Law has Jurisdiction? .......................................................................................... 10
3.2 EEX Regulation: What Countries are Involved? .......................................................................... 10
3.3 Rules Concerning Jurisdiction of the EEX .................................................................................... 10
3.4 Execution of the Verdict Under the EEX ..................................................................................... 12
3.5 Arbitration .................................................................................................................................. 12
4. ECO ................................................................................................................................................... 13
4.1 Introduction to ECO .................................................................................................................... 13
4.2 Conditions on the Use of ECO..................................................................................................... 13
4.3 Content of ECO ........................................................................................................................... 13
4.4 Combination of EEX and ECO...................................................................................................... 15
4.5 Law Applicable to International Torts......................................................................................... 15
5. CISG .................................................................................................................................................. 16
5.1 Introduction to the CISG ............................................................................................................. 16
5.2 Application of the CISG ............................................................................................................... 16
5.3 Content of the CISG .................................................................................................................... 16
5.5 Art. 5, 1 EEX, Determining Place of Performance of Obligation in Question .............................. 17
6. The Free Movement of Goods, Persons, Services and Capital .......................................................... 18
6.1 Introduction to the Free Movement of Goods ........................................................................... 18
6.2 Quantitative Restrictions ............................................................................................................ 18
6.3 Measures Having an Effect Equivalent to Quantitative Restrictions .......................................... 18
6.4 Art. 36 TFEU: Derogation from Art. 34 and 35 TFEU................................................................... 19
6.5 Case Law to Justify Restrictions on the Free Movement of Goods ............................................. 19
6.6 The Free Movement of Workers ................................................................................................ 20
6.7 The Freedom of Establishment ................................................................................................... 21
6.8 The Freedom to Provide Services ............................................................................................... 21
6.9 The Freedom of Capital .............................................................................................................. 21
7. Competition Law .............................................................................................................................. 22
1
Summary: A Basic Guide to International Law – Anika Ochel
, 7.1 Introduction to Competition and Cartel Law .............................................................................. 22
7.2 The Cartel Law of Art. 101 TFEU ................................................................................................. 22
7.3 The Abuse of the European Court of Justice on Cartel Law ........................................................ 24
7.4 Mergers ...................................................................................................................................... 25
8. Carriage, Incoterms, Payment and Entry Modes .............................................................................. 26
8.1 Carriage ...................................................................................................................................... 26
8.2 Incoterms ................................................................................................................................... 28
8.3 International Payments .............................................................................................................. 30
8.4 Entry Modes ............................................................................................................................... 32
Glossary ................................................................................................................................................ 34
2
Summary: A Basic Guide to International Law – Anika Ochel
, LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CIGS: United Nations Conventions on the International Sale of Goods
CMR: Convention on the Contract for the International Carriage of Goods by Road
EC: European Community
ECJ: European Court of Justice
ECO: European Communities Regulation on the Applicable Law on Contractual Obligations
EEX: European Communities Regulation on Jurisdiction and Enforcement of Judgements in
Commercial and Civil matters
EP: European Parliament
ICC: International Chamber of Commerce
NCA: National Competition Authority
RNCO: Rome II Regulation on the law applicable to non-contractual obligations
TFEU: Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union
UN: United Nations
3
Summary: A Basic Guide to International Law – Anika Ochel
A BASIC GUIDE TO
INTERNATINOAL BUSINESS
LAW
ANIKA OCHEL
H. Wevers, LLM – Noordhoff Uitgevers
, TABLE OF CONTENTS
List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................... 3
1. Introduction to International Private Law and European Law ............................................................ 4
1.1 Introduction to International Private Law .................................................................................... 4
1.2 Introduction to European Law ...................................................................................................... 4
2. Negotiations ....................................................................................................................................... 7
2.1 Reaching an Agreement ............................................................................................................... 7
2.2 Legal Aspects of Negotiations....................................................................................................... 8
2.3 Breaking Off Negotiations: Breach of Contract or Tort? ............................................................... 8
3. EEX.................................................................................................................................................... 10
3.1 What Court of Law has Jurisdiction? .......................................................................................... 10
3.2 EEX Regulation: What Countries are Involved? .......................................................................... 10
3.3 Rules Concerning Jurisdiction of the EEX .................................................................................... 10
3.4 Execution of the Verdict Under the EEX ..................................................................................... 12
3.5 Arbitration .................................................................................................................................. 12
4. ECO ................................................................................................................................................... 13
4.1 Introduction to ECO .................................................................................................................... 13
4.2 Conditions on the Use of ECO..................................................................................................... 13
4.3 Content of ECO ........................................................................................................................... 13
4.4 Combination of EEX and ECO...................................................................................................... 15
4.5 Law Applicable to International Torts......................................................................................... 15
5. CISG .................................................................................................................................................. 16
5.1 Introduction to the CISG ............................................................................................................. 16
5.2 Application of the CISG ............................................................................................................... 16
5.3 Content of the CISG .................................................................................................................... 16
5.5 Art. 5, 1 EEX, Determining Place of Performance of Obligation in Question .............................. 17
6. The Free Movement of Goods, Persons, Services and Capital .......................................................... 18
6.1 Introduction to the Free Movement of Goods ........................................................................... 18
6.2 Quantitative Restrictions ............................................................................................................ 18
6.3 Measures Having an Effect Equivalent to Quantitative Restrictions .......................................... 18
6.4 Art. 36 TFEU: Derogation from Art. 34 and 35 TFEU................................................................... 19
6.5 Case Law to Justify Restrictions on the Free Movement of Goods ............................................. 19
6.6 The Free Movement of Workers ................................................................................................ 20
6.7 The Freedom of Establishment ................................................................................................... 21
6.8 The Freedom to Provide Services ............................................................................................... 21
6.9 The Freedom of Capital .............................................................................................................. 21
7. Competition Law .............................................................................................................................. 22
1
Summary: A Basic Guide to International Law – Anika Ochel
, 7.1 Introduction to Competition and Cartel Law .............................................................................. 22
7.2 The Cartel Law of Art. 101 TFEU ................................................................................................. 22
7.3 The Abuse of the European Court of Justice on Cartel Law ........................................................ 24
7.4 Mergers ...................................................................................................................................... 25
8. Carriage, Incoterms, Payment and Entry Modes .............................................................................. 26
8.1 Carriage ...................................................................................................................................... 26
8.2 Incoterms ................................................................................................................................... 28
8.3 International Payments .............................................................................................................. 30
8.4 Entry Modes ............................................................................................................................... 32
Glossary ................................................................................................................................................ 34
2
Summary: A Basic Guide to International Law – Anika Ochel
, LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CIGS: United Nations Conventions on the International Sale of Goods
CMR: Convention on the Contract for the International Carriage of Goods by Road
EC: European Community
ECJ: European Court of Justice
ECO: European Communities Regulation on the Applicable Law on Contractual Obligations
EEX: European Communities Regulation on Jurisdiction and Enforcement of Judgements in
Commercial and Civil matters
EP: European Parliament
ICC: International Chamber of Commerce
NCA: National Competition Authority
RNCO: Rome II Regulation on the law applicable to non-contractual obligations
TFEU: Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union
UN: United Nations
3
Summary: A Basic Guide to International Law – Anika Ochel
