ENGLISH LANGAUGE
SUMMARIES
GRADE 8-12
Name: _______________________________
School: _______________________________ www.opsommingss.com
Number: ______________________ 083 628 8301
Please note that these summaries are the intellectual property of @opsommings.com.
No summaries may be shared or copied without permission.
Copyright © 2021 Opsommings.com Page 1
,FOUR TYPES OF SENTENCES
1. Statement sentences
- give us information, and they normally end with a full-stop/period.
- e.g. We do not like the new decorations.
2. Interrogative sentences (question)
- ask us something.
- they want information, and they always end with a question mark.
- e.g. Why are you going to town?
3. Imperative sentences (command)
- give a command.
- they tell us to do something, and they end with a full-stop or exclamation mark.
- note that there is usually no subject—because the subject is understood, it is
YOU.
- e.g. Get out of my house!
4. Exclamative sentences (exclamation)
- Exclamative sentences express strong emotion/surprise—an exclamation—and
they always end with an exclamation mark.
- e.g. What a liar he is!
The subject of the sentence is what (or whom) the sentence is about.
e.g. “The cat is sleeping in the sun,” - the words The cat is the subject.
A predicate is the part of a sentence, or a clause, that tells what the subject is
doing or what the subject is.
“The cat is sleeping in the sun.” clause is sleeping in the sun is the predicate;
Copyright © 2021 Opsommings.com Page 2
, PARTS OF SPEECH
NOUNS
• The job of a noun is to name something.
• It might be an object, a person, a place, or even a thought or idea.
Common nouns:
- Refer to an object that you can see or touch.
- E.g: table, chair, dog
Proper nouns:
- Indicate the name of a person or place.
- Proper nouns always start with a capital letter.
- Example: South Africa, Oxbridge Academy, Desmond Tutu, Toyota
Abstract nouns:
- Refer to concepts, rather than to things that you can detect with your senses.
- Example: love, courage, hope, innovation
Collective nouns:
- Are used to name a group or collection of people or things.
- Example: “board” of directors, “litter” of puppies, “herd” of cattle
Countable (many /much ) and Uncountable Nouns (less / fewer) :
o Countable nouns refer to individual, countable items.
o For example: cats, pears, books.
o Uncountable nouns refer to an undi erentiated amount or idea. For example:
music, rice, happiness.
Copyright © 2021 Opsommings.com Page 3
ff
SUMMARIES
GRADE 8-12
Name: _______________________________
School: _______________________________ www.opsommingss.com
Number: ______________________ 083 628 8301
Please note that these summaries are the intellectual property of @opsommings.com.
No summaries may be shared or copied without permission.
Copyright © 2021 Opsommings.com Page 1
,FOUR TYPES OF SENTENCES
1. Statement sentences
- give us information, and they normally end with a full-stop/period.
- e.g. We do not like the new decorations.
2. Interrogative sentences (question)
- ask us something.
- they want information, and they always end with a question mark.
- e.g. Why are you going to town?
3. Imperative sentences (command)
- give a command.
- they tell us to do something, and they end with a full-stop or exclamation mark.
- note that there is usually no subject—because the subject is understood, it is
YOU.
- e.g. Get out of my house!
4. Exclamative sentences (exclamation)
- Exclamative sentences express strong emotion/surprise—an exclamation—and
they always end with an exclamation mark.
- e.g. What a liar he is!
The subject of the sentence is what (or whom) the sentence is about.
e.g. “The cat is sleeping in the sun,” - the words The cat is the subject.
A predicate is the part of a sentence, or a clause, that tells what the subject is
doing or what the subject is.
“The cat is sleeping in the sun.” clause is sleeping in the sun is the predicate;
Copyright © 2021 Opsommings.com Page 2
, PARTS OF SPEECH
NOUNS
• The job of a noun is to name something.
• It might be an object, a person, a place, or even a thought or idea.
Common nouns:
- Refer to an object that you can see or touch.
- E.g: table, chair, dog
Proper nouns:
- Indicate the name of a person or place.
- Proper nouns always start with a capital letter.
- Example: South Africa, Oxbridge Academy, Desmond Tutu, Toyota
Abstract nouns:
- Refer to concepts, rather than to things that you can detect with your senses.
- Example: love, courage, hope, innovation
Collective nouns:
- Are used to name a group or collection of people or things.
- Example: “board” of directors, “litter” of puppies, “herd” of cattle
Countable (many /much ) and Uncountable Nouns (less / fewer) :
o Countable nouns refer to individual, countable items.
o For example: cats, pears, books.
o Uncountable nouns refer to an undi erentiated amount or idea. For example:
music, rice, happiness.
Copyright © 2021 Opsommings.com Page 3
ff
