Test-Bank-for-Human-Anatomy-7th-Edition-Martini

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) The study of the structure and function of cells is 1) _______ A) gross anatomy. B) biochemistry. C) cytology. D) phrenology. E) electron microscopy. 2) Which of the following shows the fine structure of a plasmalemma (cell membrane) and the details of intracellular structures? 2) _______ A) ultrasound B) light microscopy C) transmission electron microscopy D) scanning electron microscopy E) magnetic resonance imaging 3) Cells float in a watery medium called 3) _______ A) cellular fluid. B) extracellular fluid. C) cytoplasm. D) cytosol. E) None of the answers are correct. 4) Which of the following describes phospholipids in the plasmalemma? 4) Full file at _______ A) The lipid tails are hydrophobic. B) The lipid tails are hydrophilic. C) The heads are on the inside. D) The tails are at the surface. E) The phosphate heads are hydrophobic. 5) The viscous, superficial coating on the outer surface of the plasmalemma is called the 5) _______ A) cytosol. B) glycocalyx. C) inclusions. D) pseudopodia. E) tubulin. 6) How do peripheral proteins contribute to the structure of the plasmalemma? 6) _______ A) Some may function as catalysts or receptor sites to signal through the plasmalemma. B) They form a structural element by being embedded in the plasmalemma. C) They are attached to only one side of the membrane. D) Some form channels to permit passage of water molecules, ions, and small water-soluble compounds into and out of the cell. E) None of the answers are correct. 7) Substances that enter the cell usually do so through the 7) _______ A) peripheral proteins. B) integral proteins. C) Full file at glycocalyx. D) glycolipids. E) cholesterol. 8) The general functions of the plasmalemma include 8) _______ A) structural support of the cell. B) physical isolation of the cell contents from the extracellular fluid. C) regulation of exchange of materials with the environment. D) sensitivity to changes in the extracellular fluid. E) All of the answers are correct. 9) Which statement describes how the plasmalemma is used in communication and sensitivity? 9) _______ A) It provides for specialized connections between neighboring cells. B) It effectively isolates the cytoplasm from the surrounding fluid environment. C) It serves as a storage site for large amounts of proteins for future use by the cell. D) It acts as a site for the attachment of glycoproteins and glycolipids, which act as receptors for molecules present in the extracellular fluid. E) It contains gated channels that can be opened or closed to regulate the passage of materials. 10) Because the plasmalemma blocks some substances and allows others through, it is referred to as being 10) ______ A) impermeable. B) selectively permeable. C) freely permeable. D) structurally rigid. E) both structurally rigid and selectively permeable. 11) Full file at Which of the following is a passive process for material movement across a plasmalemma? 11) ______ A) bulk flow B) endocytosis C) facilitated diffusion D) exocytosis E) active transport 12) An active process for transporting liquid across a plasmalemma is 12) ______ A) bulk flow. B) phagocytosis. C) exchange pumps. D) pinocytosis. E) None of the answers are correct. 13) Iron ions and cholesterol are brought into the cell by the process of 13) ______ A) pinocytosis. B) receptor-mediated pinocytosis. C) bulk transport. D) phagocytosis. E) None of the answers are correct. 14) How does oxygen pass through the plasmalemma? 14) ______ A) always by passive processes B) Full file at always by active transport C) through membrane channels D) across the membrane's lipid portion E) both through membrane channels and always by passive processes 15) Processes involved in the movement of substances across a membrane at the expense of ATP are classified as 15) ______ A) facilitated diffusion. B) diffusion. C) osmosis. D) active transport. E) filtration. 16) What is the term for water movement across a membrane from high concentration to low concentration? 16) ______ A) osmosis B) active transport C) filtration D) facilitated diffusion E) None of the answers are correct. 17) The two major cations in the body are 17) ______ A) calcium and sodium. B) sodium and chloride. C) chloride and bicarbonate. D) magnesium and chloride. E) sodium and potassium. Full file at 18) The extracellular fluid contains high amounts of 18) ______ A) amino acids. B) dissolved and suspended proteins. C) lipids. D) sodium ions. E) potassium ions. 19) Which of the following statements describes cytosol? 19) ______ A) It contains large amounts of carbohydrates. B) The term encompasses all material inside the cell. C) It contains much less protein than the extracellular fluid. D) It includes the intracellular structures known as organelles. E) The fluid content of the cell. 20) ________ are common inclusions in the cytosol of fat cells. 20) ______ A) Dissolved proteins B) Lipid droplets C) Suspended proteins D) Glycogen granules E) Metabolic enzymes 21) Which of the following is another name for cytosol? 21) ______ A) Full file at gelatin B) cytoplasm C) extracellular fluid D) intracellular fluid E) interstitial fluid 22) Protein producing organelles are the 22) ______ A) ribosomes. B) nucleus. C) Golgi apparatus. D) lysosomes. E) mitochondria. 23) Which of the following is a nonmembranous organelle? 23) ______ A) centriole B) microvilli C) Golgi apparatus D) nucleolus E) All of the answers are correct. 24) The functions of microtubules include 24) ______ A) changing the shape of the cell. B) moving organelles around the cell. C) forming small, finger-shaped projections from the plasmalemma. D) holding open gated channels in the plasmalemma. E) Full file at changing the shape of the cell and moving organelles around the cell. 25) Which of the following is a function of microtubules? 25) ______ A) provide strength to the cell B) stabilize position of organelles C) being part of the spindle apparatus D) assist in DNA replication E) attaches the plasmolemma to the underlying cytoplasm