PYC3703 – COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
CHAPTER 3 PERCEPTION
Key Term Explanation Pg
Pathway from the visual cortex to the parietal
Action pathway 79
lobe
Our estimate of the probability of an outcome
is determined by 2 factors:
1- The prior probability/prior which is our
Bayesion
initial belief about the probability of an 69
inference
outcome
2- extent to which the available evidence is
consistent with the outcome (likelihood)
Bottom-up
Sequence of events from eye to brain 57
procession
Brain lesioning Removing part of the brain 76
Pain occurs when receptors in the skin
Direct pathway called nociceptors are stimulated and send
60
model their signals in a direct pathway from skin to
the brain
Judging the central circle to be smaller
Ebbinghaus
compared to its accrual size when 79
illusion
surrounded by bigger circles and vice versa
Experience-
The structure of the brain is changed by
dependent 73
experience
plasticity
Gestalt
63
psychologists
Inverse
Task of determining the object responsible
projection 55
for a particular image on the retina
problem
Law of
Same as principle of good figure/simplicity 65
pragnanz
Landmark
discrimination 76
problem
Light-from-
66
above
, assumption
The extent to which the available evidence is
Likelihood 69
consistent with the outcome
We perceive the object that is most likely to
Likelihood
have caused the pattern of stimuli we have 63
principle
received
Object
discrimination 76
problem
People can perceive horizontals and
Oblique effect 66
verticals more easily than other orientations
Experiences resulting from stimulation of the
Perception 52
senses
Perception The pathway from the visual cortex to the
79
pathway temporal lobe
Physical Regularly occurring physical properties of
66
regularities the environment
A pill one believes contains what one wants
Placebo 60
example being a painkiller
Placebo effect The placebo pill making the pain feel less 61
Points that, when connected, result in
straight or smoothly curving lines are seen
Principle of as belonging together, and the lines tend to
good be seen in such a way as to follow the 64
continuation smoothest path. Also objects that are
perceived as continuing behind the
overlapping object
Principle of The perceptual field and objects within it will
good figure or take on the simplest and most
65
Principle of encompassing structure permitted by the
simplicity given conditions
Principle of
Similar things appear to be grouped together 65
similarity
Principles of
Explains the way elements are grouped
perceptual 64
together to create larger objects
organisation
Regularities in
Characteristics of the environment that occur
the 66
frequently
environment
CHAPTER 3 PERCEPTION
Key Term Explanation Pg
Pathway from the visual cortex to the parietal
Action pathway 79
lobe
Our estimate of the probability of an outcome
is determined by 2 factors:
1- The prior probability/prior which is our
Bayesion
initial belief about the probability of an 69
inference
outcome
2- extent to which the available evidence is
consistent with the outcome (likelihood)
Bottom-up
Sequence of events from eye to brain 57
procession
Brain lesioning Removing part of the brain 76
Pain occurs when receptors in the skin
Direct pathway called nociceptors are stimulated and send
60
model their signals in a direct pathway from skin to
the brain
Judging the central circle to be smaller
Ebbinghaus
compared to its accrual size when 79
illusion
surrounded by bigger circles and vice versa
Experience-
The structure of the brain is changed by
dependent 73
experience
plasticity
Gestalt
63
psychologists
Inverse
Task of determining the object responsible
projection 55
for a particular image on the retina
problem
Law of
Same as principle of good figure/simplicity 65
pragnanz
Landmark
discrimination 76
problem
Light-from-
66
above
, assumption
The extent to which the available evidence is
Likelihood 69
consistent with the outcome
We perceive the object that is most likely to
Likelihood
have caused the pattern of stimuli we have 63
principle
received
Object
discrimination 76
problem
People can perceive horizontals and
Oblique effect 66
verticals more easily than other orientations
Experiences resulting from stimulation of the
Perception 52
senses
Perception The pathway from the visual cortex to the
79
pathway temporal lobe
Physical Regularly occurring physical properties of
66
regularities the environment
A pill one believes contains what one wants
Placebo 60
example being a painkiller
Placebo effect The placebo pill making the pain feel less 61
Points that, when connected, result in
straight or smoothly curving lines are seen
Principle of as belonging together, and the lines tend to
good be seen in such a way as to follow the 64
continuation smoothest path. Also objects that are
perceived as continuing behind the
overlapping object
Principle of The perceptual field and objects within it will
good figure or take on the simplest and most
65
Principle of encompassing structure permitted by the
simplicity given conditions
Principle of
Similar things appear to be grouped together 65
similarity
Principles of
Explains the way elements are grouped
perceptual 64
together to create larger objects
organisation
Regularities in
Characteristics of the environment that occur
the 66
frequently
environment
