NSG 526 EXAM 3 EXAM PREP 2026
PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTIC
INTERVENTIONS COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
◉ when a personal crisis occurs
Answer: the person in crisis may have only the PMH-APRN to
respond to his or her needs. After the assessment, the PMH-APRN
must decide whether to provide the care needed or to refer the
person to a psychiatrist.
◉ Biologic Domain/Assessment
Answer: usually undergo initial changes. a crisis can be physically
exhausting. Disturbances in sleep and eating patterns and the
reappearance of physical or psychiatric symptoms are common.
Changes in body function may include tachycardia, tachypnea,
profuse perspiration, nausea, vomiting, dilated pupils, and extreme
shakiness. Some victims may exhibit loss of control and have total
disregard for their personal safety. The victims are at high risk for
injury, which may include infection, trauma, and head injuries
(France, 2002). If the victim's sleep patterns are disturbed or
nutrition is inadequate, the victim will not have the physical
resources to deal with the crisis.
◉ While medication cannot resolve a crisis, the judicious use
,Answer: of psychopharmacologic agents can help reduce its
emotional intensity.
◉ Psychological Domain/Assessment
Answer: focuses on the victim's emotions and coping strengths. In
the beginning of the crisis, the victim may report the feeling of
numbness and shock. Responses to psychological distress should be
differentiated from symptoms of psychiatric illnesses of the victim
◉ Psychological Domain At the beginning of a crisis
Answer: assess the victim for behaviors that indicate a depressed
state, the presence of confusion, uncontrolled weeping or screaming,
disorientation, or aggression. The victim may be suffering from loss
of feelings of well-being and safety. In addition, panic responses,
anxiety, and fear may be present. The ability to cope by problem-
solving may be disrupted.
◉ Safety interventions to protect the person in crisis from harm
Answer: preventing the person from committing suicide or
homicide, arranging for food and shelter (if needed), and mobilizing
social support. Once the person's safety needs are met, the PMH-
APRN can address the psychosocial aspects of the crisis
◉ Counseling
,Answer: reinforces healthy coping behaviors and interaction
patterns; identifying the victim's emotions and positive coping
strategies; If counseling strategies do not work, other stress
reduction and coping enhancement interventions can be used. if pt
cannot cope then refer to in patient psych
◉ Social Domain/Assessment
Answer: Assessment of the impact of the crisis on the victim's social
functioning is essential because a crisis usually severely disrupts
social proficiencies. Assist the victims to maintain a calm demeanor,
obtain and distribute information about the crisis and the victims of
the crisis. Initiate attempts to reunite victims and their families.
◉ nursing interventions for the social domain
Answer: include the individual, the family, and the community. A
crisis often disrupts a victim's social network leading to changes in
available social support. Development of a new social support
network may help the victim cope more effectively with the crisis.
◉ Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA
Answer: sends a team of specialists who review the devastation of
disaster. They provide counseling and mental health services, and
arrange for many of the victims to access other services needed for
survival, including training programs.
, ◉ Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
(SAMHSA) of the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)
Answer: are available to assist both victims of and responders to the
disaster.
◉ Phases of Disaster
Answer: 1. Pre-warning of the disaster. This phase entails preparing
victims for possible evacuation of the environment, mobilization of
resources, and review of community disaster plans.
2. Disaster event occurs. Here the rescuers provide resources,
assistance, and support as needed to preserve the biopsychosocial
functioning and survival of the victims.
3. Recuperative effort. The focus here is to implement strategies for
healing the sick and injured, preventing complications of health
problems, repairing damages, and reconstructing the community.
◉ The first category of disaster victims
Answer: victims who may or may not survive. If they survive, the
victims often suffer severe physical injuries. The more serious the
physical injury, the more likely the victim will experience a mental
health problem such as PTSD, depress ion, anxiety, or other mental
health problems (North et al., 2002; Pfefferbaum et al., 2001).
Victims and families will need ongoing health care to prevent
complications related to both physical and mental health.
PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTIC
INTERVENTIONS COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
◉ when a personal crisis occurs
Answer: the person in crisis may have only the PMH-APRN to
respond to his or her needs. After the assessment, the PMH-APRN
must decide whether to provide the care needed or to refer the
person to a psychiatrist.
◉ Biologic Domain/Assessment
Answer: usually undergo initial changes. a crisis can be physically
exhausting. Disturbances in sleep and eating patterns and the
reappearance of physical or psychiatric symptoms are common.
Changes in body function may include tachycardia, tachypnea,
profuse perspiration, nausea, vomiting, dilated pupils, and extreme
shakiness. Some victims may exhibit loss of control and have total
disregard for their personal safety. The victims are at high risk for
injury, which may include infection, trauma, and head injuries
(France, 2002). If the victim's sleep patterns are disturbed or
nutrition is inadequate, the victim will not have the physical
resources to deal with the crisis.
◉ While medication cannot resolve a crisis, the judicious use
,Answer: of psychopharmacologic agents can help reduce its
emotional intensity.
◉ Psychological Domain/Assessment
Answer: focuses on the victim's emotions and coping strengths. In
the beginning of the crisis, the victim may report the feeling of
numbness and shock. Responses to psychological distress should be
differentiated from symptoms of psychiatric illnesses of the victim
◉ Psychological Domain At the beginning of a crisis
Answer: assess the victim for behaviors that indicate a depressed
state, the presence of confusion, uncontrolled weeping or screaming,
disorientation, or aggression. The victim may be suffering from loss
of feelings of well-being and safety. In addition, panic responses,
anxiety, and fear may be present. The ability to cope by problem-
solving may be disrupted.
◉ Safety interventions to protect the person in crisis from harm
Answer: preventing the person from committing suicide or
homicide, arranging for food and shelter (if needed), and mobilizing
social support. Once the person's safety needs are met, the PMH-
APRN can address the psychosocial aspects of the crisis
◉ Counseling
,Answer: reinforces healthy coping behaviors and interaction
patterns; identifying the victim's emotions and positive coping
strategies; If counseling strategies do not work, other stress
reduction and coping enhancement interventions can be used. if pt
cannot cope then refer to in patient psych
◉ Social Domain/Assessment
Answer: Assessment of the impact of the crisis on the victim's social
functioning is essential because a crisis usually severely disrupts
social proficiencies. Assist the victims to maintain a calm demeanor,
obtain and distribute information about the crisis and the victims of
the crisis. Initiate attempts to reunite victims and their families.
◉ nursing interventions for the social domain
Answer: include the individual, the family, and the community. A
crisis often disrupts a victim's social network leading to changes in
available social support. Development of a new social support
network may help the victim cope more effectively with the crisis.
◉ Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA
Answer: sends a team of specialists who review the devastation of
disaster. They provide counseling and mental health services, and
arrange for many of the victims to access other services needed for
survival, including training programs.
, ◉ Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
(SAMHSA) of the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)
Answer: are available to assist both victims of and responders to the
disaster.
◉ Phases of Disaster
Answer: 1. Pre-warning of the disaster. This phase entails preparing
victims for possible evacuation of the environment, mobilization of
resources, and review of community disaster plans.
2. Disaster event occurs. Here the rescuers provide resources,
assistance, and support as needed to preserve the biopsychosocial
functioning and survival of the victims.
3. Recuperative effort. The focus here is to implement strategies for
healing the sick and injured, preventing complications of health
problems, repairing damages, and reconstructing the community.
◉ The first category of disaster victims
Answer: victims who may or may not survive. If they survive, the
victims often suffer severe physical injuries. The more serious the
physical injury, the more likely the victim will experience a mental
health problem such as PTSD, depress ion, anxiety, or other mental
health problems (North et al., 2002; Pfefferbaum et al., 2001).
Victims and families will need ongoing health care to prevent
complications related to both physical and mental health.
