NURS 5461 EXAM 2 ALL QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔lipoprotein that carries cholesterol to the vessel wall? - ✔✔LDL-P
✔✔measures amt of cholesterol in that particle? - ✔✔LDL-C
✔✔more atherogenic? - ✔✔small dense LDL particles
✔✔large lipid molecules from dietary fates? - ✔✔Triglycerides
✔✔NCEP guidelines for lipid assessment? - ✔✔age 20 and older- fasting panel every 5
years
✔✔metabolic syndrome - ✔✔Abdominal obesity >40 in men >35 in women
Low HDL <40 in men <50 in women
Elevated triglycerides
HTN >130/75
Fasting blood sugar >100
✔✔when to add statin therapy in diabetics? - ✔✔< 40 and no CAD, add statin if LDL
>100 with CVD risk factors
✔✔atherosclerosis asymptomatic until? - ✔✔plaque stenosis >70-80%
✔✔side effects of statins? - ✔✔myopathy and hepatotoxicity (rare)
✔✔statins contraindicated with? - ✔✔Niacin or fibrates
✔✔stage 1 HTN, no RF Tx? - ✔✔non-pharmacologic tx is an option for 6months -1 year
✔✔stage 2 HTN tx? - ✔✔2 drug class tx
, ✔✔body burns fat for energy? - ✔✔Ketones- type 1 DM
✔✔insulin? - ✔✔assists glucose in entering cells
✔✔hyperinsulinemia results in? - ✔✔Thickening in arterial blood vessel walls, renal
vasodilation- microalbuminuria
✔✔hyperuricemia? - ✔✔elevated uric acid (waster product) due to hyperinsulinemia,
elevated triglycerides, HTN, low HDL-- can cause gout
✔✔Keratin - ✔✔protein in hair and epidermis. Hyperkeratosis = Acanthosis Nigricans
✔✔Insulin Resistance - ✔✔plasma insulin >10, blood glucose normal
✔✔ASA as preventative? - ✔✔not in women w/o CVD anymore
✔✔LDL goal in CAD pts? - ✔✔<70
✔✔weight gain most common side effect of this DM med? - ✔✔Sulfonylureas
✔✔avoid in renal failure, surgery, age >80, and HF? - ✔✔Metformin- risk for lactic
acidosis
✔✔monitor LFTs and takes 2 months to take effect on blood sugars? - ✔✔TZDs
✔✔SQ injection that stimulates insulin production? - ✔✔GLPs
✔✔do not make basal insulin Ex. Lantus & Levemir? - ✔✔type 1 DM
✔✔daily basal insulin - ✔✔0.6units/kg/day- 50% basal dose, 50% mealtime
✔✔1 unit of insulin - ✔✔drops sugar 20mg/dl and covers 10g CHO
✔✔can not be mixed with any other insulin and has no peak? - ✔✔Long acting Insulin-
Lantus and Levemir
✔✔end product of metabolism from skeletal muscle and excreted by the kidneys? -
✔✔Creatinine
✔✔breakdown of dietary protein, excreted by kidneys, increases rapidly with kidney
failure of dehydration? - ✔✔blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔lipoprotein that carries cholesterol to the vessel wall? - ✔✔LDL-P
✔✔measures amt of cholesterol in that particle? - ✔✔LDL-C
✔✔more atherogenic? - ✔✔small dense LDL particles
✔✔large lipid molecules from dietary fates? - ✔✔Triglycerides
✔✔NCEP guidelines for lipid assessment? - ✔✔age 20 and older- fasting panel every 5
years
✔✔metabolic syndrome - ✔✔Abdominal obesity >40 in men >35 in women
Low HDL <40 in men <50 in women
Elevated triglycerides
HTN >130/75
Fasting blood sugar >100
✔✔when to add statin therapy in diabetics? - ✔✔< 40 and no CAD, add statin if LDL
>100 with CVD risk factors
✔✔atherosclerosis asymptomatic until? - ✔✔plaque stenosis >70-80%
✔✔side effects of statins? - ✔✔myopathy and hepatotoxicity (rare)
✔✔statins contraindicated with? - ✔✔Niacin or fibrates
✔✔stage 1 HTN, no RF Tx? - ✔✔non-pharmacologic tx is an option for 6months -1 year
✔✔stage 2 HTN tx? - ✔✔2 drug class tx
, ✔✔body burns fat for energy? - ✔✔Ketones- type 1 DM
✔✔insulin? - ✔✔assists glucose in entering cells
✔✔hyperinsulinemia results in? - ✔✔Thickening in arterial blood vessel walls, renal
vasodilation- microalbuminuria
✔✔hyperuricemia? - ✔✔elevated uric acid (waster product) due to hyperinsulinemia,
elevated triglycerides, HTN, low HDL-- can cause gout
✔✔Keratin - ✔✔protein in hair and epidermis. Hyperkeratosis = Acanthosis Nigricans
✔✔Insulin Resistance - ✔✔plasma insulin >10, blood glucose normal
✔✔ASA as preventative? - ✔✔not in women w/o CVD anymore
✔✔LDL goal in CAD pts? - ✔✔<70
✔✔weight gain most common side effect of this DM med? - ✔✔Sulfonylureas
✔✔avoid in renal failure, surgery, age >80, and HF? - ✔✔Metformin- risk for lactic
acidosis
✔✔monitor LFTs and takes 2 months to take effect on blood sugars? - ✔✔TZDs
✔✔SQ injection that stimulates insulin production? - ✔✔GLPs
✔✔do not make basal insulin Ex. Lantus & Levemir? - ✔✔type 1 DM
✔✔daily basal insulin - ✔✔0.6units/kg/day- 50% basal dose, 50% mealtime
✔✔1 unit of insulin - ✔✔drops sugar 20mg/dl and covers 10g CHO
✔✔can not be mixed with any other insulin and has no peak? - ✔✔Long acting Insulin-
Lantus and Levemir
✔✔end product of metabolism from skeletal muscle and excreted by the kidneys? -
✔✔Creatinine
✔✔breakdown of dietary protein, excreted by kidneys, increases rapidly with kidney
failure of dehydration? - ✔✔blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
