HESI A2 BIOLOGY 2026 TEST PAPER
SOLVED QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
◉ nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NADH. Answer: -acts as a
reducing agent and is a vehicle of stored energy
-used as a precursor to produce greater amounts of ATP in the final
steps of respiration
◉ glycolysis. Answer: -first step of metabolism of food cellular
energy is the conversion of glucose to pyruvate
-takes place in the cytosol of the cell and produces two molecules of
ATP, two molecules of pyruvate and two molecules of NADH
◉ citric acid cycle (Krebs Cycle). Answer: -in step 2 the pyruvate is
transported into a mitochondrion and used in the first of series of
reactions
-takes place in the mitochondria
-two ATP molecules, 6 molecules of carbon dioxide and 6 NADH
molecules are produced
◉ electron transport chain. Answer: 3rd step begins with the
oxidation of the NADH molecules to produce oxygen and finally to
produce water
, -for every glucose molecule 28-32 ATP molecules can be produced
◉ cellular respiration ATP overall production. Answer: 32-36 ATP
(C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O)
◉ photosynthesis. Answer: 6CO2 + 6H2O + light --> C6H12O6 + 6O2
◉ Light reaction in photosynthesis. Answer: those that convert solar
energy to chemical energy
-the cell accomplishes the production of ATP by absorbing light and
using that energy to split water molecules and transfer the electron
thus creating NADPH and producing ATP (these molecules are then
used in the Calvin Cycle to produce sugar)
◉ Asexual reproduction. Answer: 1. binary fission
2. mitosis
◉ binary fission. Answer: *involves bacteria
chromosomes bind to the plasma membrane where it replicates
-then as the cell grows it pinches into two producing two identical
cells
SOLVED QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
◉ nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NADH. Answer: -acts as a
reducing agent and is a vehicle of stored energy
-used as a precursor to produce greater amounts of ATP in the final
steps of respiration
◉ glycolysis. Answer: -first step of metabolism of food cellular
energy is the conversion of glucose to pyruvate
-takes place in the cytosol of the cell and produces two molecules of
ATP, two molecules of pyruvate and two molecules of NADH
◉ citric acid cycle (Krebs Cycle). Answer: -in step 2 the pyruvate is
transported into a mitochondrion and used in the first of series of
reactions
-takes place in the mitochondria
-two ATP molecules, 6 molecules of carbon dioxide and 6 NADH
molecules are produced
◉ electron transport chain. Answer: 3rd step begins with the
oxidation of the NADH molecules to produce oxygen and finally to
produce water
, -for every glucose molecule 28-32 ATP molecules can be produced
◉ cellular respiration ATP overall production. Answer: 32-36 ATP
(C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O)
◉ photosynthesis. Answer: 6CO2 + 6H2O + light --> C6H12O6 + 6O2
◉ Light reaction in photosynthesis. Answer: those that convert solar
energy to chemical energy
-the cell accomplishes the production of ATP by absorbing light and
using that energy to split water molecules and transfer the electron
thus creating NADPH and producing ATP (these molecules are then
used in the Calvin Cycle to produce sugar)
◉ Asexual reproduction. Answer: 1. binary fission
2. mitosis
◉ binary fission. Answer: *involves bacteria
chromosomes bind to the plasma membrane where it replicates
-then as the cell grows it pinches into two producing two identical
cells
