NUR 5461 EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2026/2027
COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
CORRECT ANSWERS || ALREADY GRADED
A+
Microcytic Anemia - ANSWER✔Iron deficiency, usually due to
malabsorption/occult blood loss, or lead poisoning. MCV <80
Normocytic Anemia - ANSWER✔Due to hemorrhage or chronic disease. Aplastic
anemia. MCV 80-92
Macrocytic Anemia - ANSWER✔Due to folate or vitamin B12 (cobalamin)
deficiency (megaloblastic anemia)/pernicious anemia/liver diseases
Serum Ferritin - ANSWER✔Tests for iron stores. As serum ferritin falls, TIBC
rises, and serum iron levels will eventually fall.
Anemia of Chronic Disease - ANSWER✔Normocytic anemia with ↓ serum iron,
↓ TIBC, and normal iron stores. Treat with epoetin and give an iron supplement
Schistocytes - ANSWER✔Associated with hemolytic uremia syndrome
Pernicious Anemia - ANSWER✔Macrocytic anemia caused by vitamin B12
deficiency. B12 is essential to maturation of erythrocytes - low levels will cause
the RBC to expand. PPIs and histamine2 blockers can cause this.
,Increased Homocysteine & Methylmalonic Acid Level - ANSWER✔Indicates
B12 deficiency
What is Pernicious anemia? - ANSWER✔lack of intrinsic factor and decreased
b12
Pernicious anemia s/s - ANSWER✔beefy red tongue
fatigue
paresthesia of hands/feet
What are the types macrocytic anemias - ANSWER✔Pernicious anemia
folate deficiency anemia >103mm
causes of macrocytic anemias - ANSWER✔liver disease
low b12 or folate
gastrectomy
malabsorption
alcoholism
Types of microcytic anemia - ANSWER✔iron deficiency
anemia of chronic disease late stage
lead poisoning, thalassemias
MCV <87mm
Some signs of microcytic anemia - ANSWER✔occult blood in stool menorrhagia
, Characteristics of normocytic anemia - ANSWER✔anemia of chronic disease,
sickle cell, impaired bone marrow, hemolytic anemia, 87-103mm
What is the primary storage for iron - ANSWER✔ferritin >100 = normal
increased ferritin is caused by? - ANSWER✔inflammatory disease, hepatitis,
CRF,
What does transferrin do? - ANSWER✔regulates iron absorption and transport in
body, low levels = protein malnutrition, >200 is normal
total iron binding capacity (TIBC) - ANSWER✔high when iron low 240-450
> 400 with iron deficiency anemia
Hormone levels in Primary hypothyroidism? - ANSWER✔High TSH, low T3 and
T4
Hormone levels in Secondary hypothyroidism - ANSWER✔low TSH, low T3/T4,
malfunction of pituitary
What is Hashimoto's thyroiditis? What are the hormone levels associated ? -
ANSWER✔autoimmune thyroiditis, high TSH, low T3/T4
Myxedema s/s - ANSWER✔puffy face with hypothyroid
What is Grave's disease? - ANSWER✔autoimmune disorder leading to
hyperthyroidism, patients have antibodies mimicking TSH, high T4/T3
, Primary Hyperthyroidism hormone levels - ANSWER✔Low TSH High T3,T4
excessive iodine uptake causes: - ANSWER✔hyperthyroidism
first lab test for thyroid disorders - ANSWER✔TSH
TSH improves after ___ weeks of levothyroxine - ANSWER✔6-8 weeks
subclinical hypothyroid hormone levels - ANSWER✔elevated TSH, normal T4
and Free T4
PTU, methimazole does what - ANSWER✔treat hyperthyroidism-
agranulocytosis and liver disease SE
prevalence of HTN after 65 years of age is ____________ - ANSWER✔higher in
women
When does DBP stabilize? - ANSWER✔age 50 and older but SBP worsens
nocturnal BP - ANSWER✔dipping at night by 15%. non-dipper = high risk for
CVD and renal disease
most effective medications for decreasing Left Ventricular Hypertrophy -
ANSWER✔ACE inhibitors
COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
CORRECT ANSWERS || ALREADY GRADED
A+
Microcytic Anemia - ANSWER✔Iron deficiency, usually due to
malabsorption/occult blood loss, or lead poisoning. MCV <80
Normocytic Anemia - ANSWER✔Due to hemorrhage or chronic disease. Aplastic
anemia. MCV 80-92
Macrocytic Anemia - ANSWER✔Due to folate or vitamin B12 (cobalamin)
deficiency (megaloblastic anemia)/pernicious anemia/liver diseases
Serum Ferritin - ANSWER✔Tests for iron stores. As serum ferritin falls, TIBC
rises, and serum iron levels will eventually fall.
Anemia of Chronic Disease - ANSWER✔Normocytic anemia with ↓ serum iron,
↓ TIBC, and normal iron stores. Treat with epoetin and give an iron supplement
Schistocytes - ANSWER✔Associated with hemolytic uremia syndrome
Pernicious Anemia - ANSWER✔Macrocytic anemia caused by vitamin B12
deficiency. B12 is essential to maturation of erythrocytes - low levels will cause
the RBC to expand. PPIs and histamine2 blockers can cause this.
,Increased Homocysteine & Methylmalonic Acid Level - ANSWER✔Indicates
B12 deficiency
What is Pernicious anemia? - ANSWER✔lack of intrinsic factor and decreased
b12
Pernicious anemia s/s - ANSWER✔beefy red tongue
fatigue
paresthesia of hands/feet
What are the types macrocytic anemias - ANSWER✔Pernicious anemia
folate deficiency anemia >103mm
causes of macrocytic anemias - ANSWER✔liver disease
low b12 or folate
gastrectomy
malabsorption
alcoholism
Types of microcytic anemia - ANSWER✔iron deficiency
anemia of chronic disease late stage
lead poisoning, thalassemias
MCV <87mm
Some signs of microcytic anemia - ANSWER✔occult blood in stool menorrhagia
, Characteristics of normocytic anemia - ANSWER✔anemia of chronic disease,
sickle cell, impaired bone marrow, hemolytic anemia, 87-103mm
What is the primary storage for iron - ANSWER✔ferritin >100 = normal
increased ferritin is caused by? - ANSWER✔inflammatory disease, hepatitis,
CRF,
What does transferrin do? - ANSWER✔regulates iron absorption and transport in
body, low levels = protein malnutrition, >200 is normal
total iron binding capacity (TIBC) - ANSWER✔high when iron low 240-450
> 400 with iron deficiency anemia
Hormone levels in Primary hypothyroidism? - ANSWER✔High TSH, low T3 and
T4
Hormone levels in Secondary hypothyroidism - ANSWER✔low TSH, low T3/T4,
malfunction of pituitary
What is Hashimoto's thyroiditis? What are the hormone levels associated ? -
ANSWER✔autoimmune thyroiditis, high TSH, low T3/T4
Myxedema s/s - ANSWER✔puffy face with hypothyroid
What is Grave's disease? - ANSWER✔autoimmune disorder leading to
hyperthyroidism, patients have antibodies mimicking TSH, high T4/T3
, Primary Hyperthyroidism hormone levels - ANSWER✔Low TSH High T3,T4
excessive iodine uptake causes: - ANSWER✔hyperthyroidism
first lab test for thyroid disorders - ANSWER✔TSH
TSH improves after ___ weeks of levothyroxine - ANSWER✔6-8 weeks
subclinical hypothyroid hormone levels - ANSWER✔elevated TSH, normal T4
and Free T4
PTU, methimazole does what - ANSWER✔treat hyperthyroidism-
agranulocytosis and liver disease SE
prevalence of HTN after 65 years of age is ____________ - ANSWER✔higher in
women
When does DBP stabilize? - ANSWER✔age 50 and older but SBP worsens
nocturnal BP - ANSWER✔dipping at night by 15%. non-dipper = high risk for
CVD and renal disease
most effective medications for decreasing Left Ventricular Hypertrophy -
ANSWER✔ACE inhibitors
