Q1.
Explain why it might be better to carry out research into eyewitness testimony in the real
world, rather than in a laboratory.
(Total 3 marks)
Q2.
Psychologists have carried out research into the use of cognitive interviews. One possible
ethical issue which might arise during this research is protection of participants from harm.
Explain how psychologists could deal with this ethical issue.
(Total 3 marks)
Q3.
Traditionally, police have questioned eye witnesses using the standard interview
procedure. This involves a period of free recall about an event, followed by specific
questions. However, an increasing number of police forces are now using the cognitive
interview technique.
Explain how a cognitive interview differs from a standard interview.
(Total 4 marks)
Q4.
Outline how one research study investigated the accuracy of eyewitness testimony
(EWT).
(Total 4 marks)
Q5.
The multi-store model of memory has been criticised in many ways. The following
example illustrates a possible criticism.
Some students read through their revision notes lots of times before an examination, but
still find it difficult to remember the information. However, the same students can
remember the information in a celebrity magazine, even though they read it only once.
Explain why this can be used as a criticism of the multi-store model of memory.
(Total 4 marks)
Q6.
Outline the main features of the multi-store model of memory.
(Total 6 marks)
Q7.
The following are all concepts relating to memory:
A Duration
B Capacity
C Encoding
D Retrieval.
Page 1 of 26
, In the table below, write which one of the concepts listed above (A, B, C or D) matches
each definition.
Definition Concept
The length of time the memory store holds
information
Transforming incoming information into a form
that can be stored in memory
(Total 2 marks)
Q8.
Outline and evaluate research into the effects of anxiety on the accuracy of eyewitness
testimony.
(Total 12 marks)
Q9.
A brain scan shows that one area of the brain is more active when a person is doing a
verbal task. However, when this person is doing a visual task, a different area of the brain
is more active.
(a) Explain how this could relate to the working memory model. Refer to different
parts of the working memory model in your answer.
(4)
(b) Give an example of an appropriate verbal task and an appropriate visual task
which could be used during the brain scan.
(2)
(Total 6 marks)
Q10.
Cognitive interviews have been developed to improve witness recall. Identify and explain
two techniques used in the cognitive interview.
(Total 6 marks)
Q11.
A psychologist carried out a field experiment to investigate the accuracy of eyewitness
testimony. The participants were pupils and parents attending a school concert. Just
before the concert began, two professional actors had an argument on the stage. During
the argument, one actor pushed the other actor. Both actors then left the stage. Some of
the audience were approached as they left the concert and were asked to take part in an
experiment. Those who agreed were taken to a quiet room and were asked some
questions about the argument. For some participants, the questions included, “Did you
see the man in glasses push the other man?” In fact, neither man was wearing glasses.
The participants were then asked to describe the argument in their own words.
(a) What is a field experiment?
(2)
Page 2 of 26
, (b) Other than ethical issues, outline one weakness of using a field experiment in this
investigation.
(2)
(c) Suggest why the psychologist included the question about the man in glasses.
(2)
(Total 6 marks)
Q12.
A case study was carried out on Peter whose brain was damaged in a motorcycle
accident. Psychologists tested how many numbers he could hold in his short-term
memory. They did this by reading him lists of numbers and asking him to recall the
numbers immediately in the right order. He could recall a maximum of two items. The
psychologists found that his long-term memory was normal.
(a) How was Peter’s short-term memory after the accident different from most adults’
short-term memory?
(2)
(b) Does this case study support the multi-store model of memory? Explain your
answer.
(4)
(c) Identify one ethical issue associated with this case study of Peter. Suggest how
psychologists could deal with this ethical issue.
(4)
(Total 10 marks)
Q13.
Explain one strength and one weakness of the working memory model.
(Total 4 marks)
Q14.
Tick two of the boxes below to indicate which of the following are features of the working
memory model.
A Serial position curve
B Incidental learning store
C Central executive
D Phonological loop
(Total 2 marks)
Page 3 of 26
Explain why it might be better to carry out research into eyewitness testimony in the real
world, rather than in a laboratory.
(Total 3 marks)
Q2.
Psychologists have carried out research into the use of cognitive interviews. One possible
ethical issue which might arise during this research is protection of participants from harm.
Explain how psychologists could deal with this ethical issue.
(Total 3 marks)
Q3.
Traditionally, police have questioned eye witnesses using the standard interview
procedure. This involves a period of free recall about an event, followed by specific
questions. However, an increasing number of police forces are now using the cognitive
interview technique.
Explain how a cognitive interview differs from a standard interview.
(Total 4 marks)
Q4.
Outline how one research study investigated the accuracy of eyewitness testimony
(EWT).
(Total 4 marks)
Q5.
The multi-store model of memory has been criticised in many ways. The following
example illustrates a possible criticism.
Some students read through their revision notes lots of times before an examination, but
still find it difficult to remember the information. However, the same students can
remember the information in a celebrity magazine, even though they read it only once.
Explain why this can be used as a criticism of the multi-store model of memory.
(Total 4 marks)
Q6.
Outline the main features of the multi-store model of memory.
(Total 6 marks)
Q7.
The following are all concepts relating to memory:
A Duration
B Capacity
C Encoding
D Retrieval.
Page 1 of 26
, In the table below, write which one of the concepts listed above (A, B, C or D) matches
each definition.
Definition Concept
The length of time the memory store holds
information
Transforming incoming information into a form
that can be stored in memory
(Total 2 marks)
Q8.
Outline and evaluate research into the effects of anxiety on the accuracy of eyewitness
testimony.
(Total 12 marks)
Q9.
A brain scan shows that one area of the brain is more active when a person is doing a
verbal task. However, when this person is doing a visual task, a different area of the brain
is more active.
(a) Explain how this could relate to the working memory model. Refer to different
parts of the working memory model in your answer.
(4)
(b) Give an example of an appropriate verbal task and an appropriate visual task
which could be used during the brain scan.
(2)
(Total 6 marks)
Q10.
Cognitive interviews have been developed to improve witness recall. Identify and explain
two techniques used in the cognitive interview.
(Total 6 marks)
Q11.
A psychologist carried out a field experiment to investigate the accuracy of eyewitness
testimony. The participants were pupils and parents attending a school concert. Just
before the concert began, two professional actors had an argument on the stage. During
the argument, one actor pushed the other actor. Both actors then left the stage. Some of
the audience were approached as they left the concert and were asked to take part in an
experiment. Those who agreed were taken to a quiet room and were asked some
questions about the argument. For some participants, the questions included, “Did you
see the man in glasses push the other man?” In fact, neither man was wearing glasses.
The participants were then asked to describe the argument in their own words.
(a) What is a field experiment?
(2)
Page 2 of 26
, (b) Other than ethical issues, outline one weakness of using a field experiment in this
investigation.
(2)
(c) Suggest why the psychologist included the question about the man in glasses.
(2)
(Total 6 marks)
Q12.
A case study was carried out on Peter whose brain was damaged in a motorcycle
accident. Psychologists tested how many numbers he could hold in his short-term
memory. They did this by reading him lists of numbers and asking him to recall the
numbers immediately in the right order. He could recall a maximum of two items. The
psychologists found that his long-term memory was normal.
(a) How was Peter’s short-term memory after the accident different from most adults’
short-term memory?
(2)
(b) Does this case study support the multi-store model of memory? Explain your
answer.
(4)
(c) Identify one ethical issue associated with this case study of Peter. Suggest how
psychologists could deal with this ethical issue.
(4)
(Total 10 marks)
Q13.
Explain one strength and one weakness of the working memory model.
(Total 4 marks)
Q14.
Tick two of the boxes below to indicate which of the following are features of the working
memory model.
A Serial position curve
B Incidental learning store
C Central executive
D Phonological loop
(Total 2 marks)
Page 3 of 26
