NR 283 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1
COMPLETE TEST , PRACTICE
QUESTIONS, VERIFIED ANSWER KEY,
AND STUDY GUIDE FOR (LATEST
2026 EDITION)
1. Etiology - CORRECT ANSWERS-Cause of particular disease on microscopic level
2. Pathogenesis - CORRECT ANSWERS-Story of how disease develops
3. Atrophy - CORRECT ANSWERS-Decrease in the size of the cells, results in reduced tissue
mass
4. Hypertrophy - CORRECT ANSWERS-Increase in cell size, results in enlarged tissue mass
5. Hyperplasia - CORRECT ANSWERS-Increased number of cells, results in enlarged tissue
mass
6. Metaplasia - CORRECT ANSWERS-Mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell
type, Ex: chronic smokers, cells lose cilia
7. Dysplasia - CORRECT ANSWERS-Cells are different looking varying in size and shape
8. Neoplasia - CORRECT ANSWERS-New growth, commonly a tumor. May be malignant or
benign
9. Apoptosis - CORRECT ANSWERS-Programmed cell death, normal occurrence in the body
, 10. Ischemia - CORRECT ANSWERS-Deficit of oxygen in the cells
11. Hypoxia - CORRECT ANSWERS-Reduced oxygen in the tissues
12. Iatrogenic - CORRECT ANSWERS-illness or disease process because a medical process
was done ex: CAUTI
13. Autosomal Recessive Disorders - CORRECT ANSWERS-Has to have two recessive genes
to have disease, only one recessive gene to be carrier ex: Cystic fibrosis, PKU
(phenylketonuria), Tay-Sachs
14. Cystic fibrosis - CORRECT ANSWERS-autosomal recessive disorder that causes thick
mucous secretions
15. PKU (phenylketonuria) - CORRECT ANSWERS-autosomal recessive disorder that causes
an inability to metabolize phenylalanine. Can cause mental retardation. Pt must follow
strict very low protein diet
16. Tay-Sachs - CORRECT ANSWERS-autosomal recessive disorder that causes an enzyme to
not be produced causing fatty proteins build up causing destruction of nerve cells in the
brain and spinal cord
17. Autosomal Dominant Disorders - CORRECT ANSWERS-Only takes one gene for disease to
show. There are no carriers, either have disease or don't. Marfan Syndrome,
Huntington's, Familial Hypercholesterolemia
18. Marfan Syndrome - CORRECT ANSWERS-Autosomal Dominant Disorder, causes long
extremities, congenital heart defects
COMPLETE TEST , PRACTICE
QUESTIONS, VERIFIED ANSWER KEY,
AND STUDY GUIDE FOR (LATEST
2026 EDITION)
1. Etiology - CORRECT ANSWERS-Cause of particular disease on microscopic level
2. Pathogenesis - CORRECT ANSWERS-Story of how disease develops
3. Atrophy - CORRECT ANSWERS-Decrease in the size of the cells, results in reduced tissue
mass
4. Hypertrophy - CORRECT ANSWERS-Increase in cell size, results in enlarged tissue mass
5. Hyperplasia - CORRECT ANSWERS-Increased number of cells, results in enlarged tissue
mass
6. Metaplasia - CORRECT ANSWERS-Mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell
type, Ex: chronic smokers, cells lose cilia
7. Dysplasia - CORRECT ANSWERS-Cells are different looking varying in size and shape
8. Neoplasia - CORRECT ANSWERS-New growth, commonly a tumor. May be malignant or
benign
9. Apoptosis - CORRECT ANSWERS-Programmed cell death, normal occurrence in the body
, 10. Ischemia - CORRECT ANSWERS-Deficit of oxygen in the cells
11. Hypoxia - CORRECT ANSWERS-Reduced oxygen in the tissues
12. Iatrogenic - CORRECT ANSWERS-illness or disease process because a medical process
was done ex: CAUTI
13. Autosomal Recessive Disorders - CORRECT ANSWERS-Has to have two recessive genes
to have disease, only one recessive gene to be carrier ex: Cystic fibrosis, PKU
(phenylketonuria), Tay-Sachs
14. Cystic fibrosis - CORRECT ANSWERS-autosomal recessive disorder that causes thick
mucous secretions
15. PKU (phenylketonuria) - CORRECT ANSWERS-autosomal recessive disorder that causes
an inability to metabolize phenylalanine. Can cause mental retardation. Pt must follow
strict very low protein diet
16. Tay-Sachs - CORRECT ANSWERS-autosomal recessive disorder that causes an enzyme to
not be produced causing fatty proteins build up causing destruction of nerve cells in the
brain and spinal cord
17. Autosomal Dominant Disorders - CORRECT ANSWERS-Only takes one gene for disease to
show. There are no carriers, either have disease or don't. Marfan Syndrome,
Huntington's, Familial Hypercholesterolemia
18. Marfan Syndrome - CORRECT ANSWERS-Autosomal Dominant Disorder, causes long
extremities, congenital heart defects
