NR 507 Pathophysiology Midterm {updated}| Pathophysiology Midterm 2020

1. Question : NR 507 Pathophysiology Midterm {updated} Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) can occur if the mother: Student Answer: Is Rh-positive and the fetus is Rh-negative Is Rh-negative and the fetus is Rh-positive Has type A blood and the fetus has type O Has type AB blood and the fetus has type B Instructor Explanation: HDN can occur only if antigens on fetal erythrocytes differ from antigens on maternal erythrocytes. Maternal-fetal incompatibility exists only if the mother and fetus differ in ABO blood type or if the fetus is Rh-positive and the mother is Rh-negative. This erythrocyte incompatibility does not exist in any of the other options. Question 2. Question : Examination of the throat in a child demonstrating signs and symptoms of acute epiglottitis may contribute to which life-threatening complication? Student Answer: Retropharyngeal abscess Laryngospasms Rupturing of the tonsils Gagging induced aspiration Instructor Explanation: Examination of the throat may trigger laryngospasm and cause respiratory collapse. Death may occur in a few hours. This selection is the only option that accurately identifies the life-threatening complication that can result from an examination of the throat of a child who demonstrates the signs and symptoms of acute epiglottitis. Question 3. Question : If the sinoatrial (SA) node fails, then at what rate (depolarizations per minute) can the atrioventricular (AV) node depolarize? Student Answer: 60 to 70 40 to 60 30 to 40 10 to 20 Instructor Explanation: If the SA node is damaged, then the AV node will become the heart’s pacemaker at a rate of approximately 40 to 60 spontaneous depolarizations per minute. Points Received: 2 of 2 Comments: Question 4. Question : What is the ratio of coronary capillaries to cardiac muscle cells? Student Answer: 1:1 (one capillary per one muscle cell) 1:2 (one capillary per two muscle cells) 1:4 (one capillary per four muscle cells) 1:10 (one capillary per ten muscle cells) Instructor Explanation: The heart has an extensive capillary network, with approximately 3300 capillaries per square millimeter (ca/mm2) or approximately one capillary per one muscle cell (muscle fiber). Question 5. Question : Which cytokines initiate the production of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)? Student Answer: IL–1 and IL-6 IL-2 and TNF- IFN and IL-12 TNF-ß and IL-4 Instructor Explanation: Although a number of stress factors initiate the production of CRH, of the options available, only high levels of IL-1 and IL-6 initiate such a response. Points Received: 2 of 2 Comments: Question 6. Question : What process allows the kidney to respond to an increase in workload? Student Answer: Glomerular filtration Secretion of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 Increased heart rate Compensatory hypertrophy Instructor Explanation: Compensatory hypertrophy allows the kidney to respond to an increase in workload throughout life. The remaining options are not relevant to accommodating an increased workload. Points Received: 2 of 2 Comments: