Li Na Chen Part 2.,WELL EXPLAINED GRADED A.

Major depressive disorder is categorized by a persistent sad, dysphoric mood with symptoms severe enough to interfere with daily function. It is not known exactly what causes MDD but it is believed to be the cause of alterations of neurotransmitters. It is believed to be cause by genetic, familial, biochemical, physical, psychological and social causes. Risk factors include being female, familial history of MDD, stress, traumatic life events, chronic illness, and lack of social support. Complications include impaired daily functioning and increased risk of suicide. DIAGNOSTIC TESTS PATIENT INFORMATION ANTICIPATED PHYSICAL FINDINGS (REASON FOR TEST AND RESULTS) Laboratory • Toxicology screening suggests a drug- induced depression. Diagnostic Procedures • xamethasone suppression test results may show a failure to suppress cortisol secretion. Other • The Beck Depression Inventory, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, or another screening tool shows the onset, severity, duration, and progression of depressive symptoms. Poor affect Loss of interest in activities Poor sleep hygiene Loss of appetite Hopelessness • Difficulty concentrating or thinking clearly • Easily distracted • Indecisiveness • Delusions of persecution or guilt • Agitation • Psychomotor retardation • Slow, monotone speech • Flat affect • Decline in grooming and hygiene • Weight loss or gain ANTICIPATED NURSING INTERVENTIONS Ineffective coping mechanisms related to inadequate coping skills AEB inablility to meet basic needs. - Identify situations that trigger suicidal thoughts this can help the client to develop more adaptive coping skills. - Assess the client’s social supports and supportive individual’s- client’s husband is present on admission. Hopelessness related to perceived hopelessness, helplessness AEB decreased affect and lack of motivation. - Work with client to determine areas of strength to rely on when feeling overwhelmed. - Identify things of joy that can help to reawaken the client’s abilities and inspire joy. - Encourage the client to express negative feelings to better understand causes of depression and hopelessness.