PSY 230 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE 2023
Development - Answers -the pattern of movement or change that starts at conception
and continues through human life span
Life-Span Perspective - Answers -views development as a lifelong, multidimensional,
multi-directional, plastic, multidisciplinary and contextual; and a process that involves
growth, maintenance, and regulation of loss
Context - Answers -the setting in which development occurs
Normative Age-Graded Influences - Answers -similar for individuals in a particular age
group. Include biological processes like puberty and menopause
Normative History-Graded Influences - Answers -influences are common to people of a
particular generation because of historical circumstances. Includes cuban missile crisis,
9-11
Nonnormative Life Events - Answers -unusual occurrences that have a major impact on
a person's life
Culture - Answers -behavior patterns, beliefs and all other products of a group that are
passed on from generation to generation
Cross-Cultural Studies - Answers -compare aspects of two or more cultures
Ethnicity - Answers -rooted in cultural heritage, including nationality, race, religion and
language
Socioeconomic Status - Answers -refers to a persons position within society based on
occupational, educational and economic characteristics
Gender - Answers -the characteristics of people as females and males
Social Policy - Answers -a government's course of action designed to promote the
welfare of its citizens
Biological Processes - Answers -changes in an individuals physical nature
Cognitive Processes - Answers -changes in an individuals thought, intelligence and
language
Socioemotional Processes - Answers -changes in an individual's relationships with
other people, emotions and personality
, Nature-Nature Issue - Answers -the extent to which development is influenced by
nature (biological) and by nuture (environmental)
Stability-Change Issue - Answers -the degree to which early traits and characteristics
change through life
Continuity-Discontinuty Issue - Answers -focus on the degree to which development
involves either gradual, cumulative change (continuity) or distinct stages (discontinuity)
Theory - Answers -a irrelevant, coherent set of ideas that helps to explain a
phenomena and make predictions
Hypotheses - Answers -assertions or predictions that can be tested
Psychoanalytic Theories - Answers -development depends primarily on the
unconscious mind and is heavily colored by emotion
Erikson's Theory - Answers -eight stages of psychosocial development throughout the
human life span
Plaget's Theory - Answers -theory that children go through four stages of cognitive
development and construct their understanding of the world
Vygotsky's Theory - Answers -a sociocultural cognitive theory that emphasizes how
culture and social interaction guide cognitive development
Information-Processing Theory - Answers -theory that emphasizes that individuals
manipulate information, monitor it and strategize about it
Behavioral and Social Cognitive Theories - Answers -hold that development can be
described in terms of the behaviors leaned through interactions with our surroundings
Social Cognitive Theory - Answers -theory that behavior., environment, and
person/cognitive factors are key factors in development
Ethology - Answers -study of the behavior of animals in their natural habitat
Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Theory - Answers -holds that development reflects the
influence of several environmental systems
Eclectic Theoretical Orientation - Answers -does not follow any one theoretical
approach but rather presents what are considered the best features of each theory
Laboratory - Answers -controlled setting where many of the complex factors of the real
world are absent
Development - Answers -the pattern of movement or change that starts at conception
and continues through human life span
Life-Span Perspective - Answers -views development as a lifelong, multidimensional,
multi-directional, plastic, multidisciplinary and contextual; and a process that involves
growth, maintenance, and regulation of loss
Context - Answers -the setting in which development occurs
Normative Age-Graded Influences - Answers -similar for individuals in a particular age
group. Include biological processes like puberty and menopause
Normative History-Graded Influences - Answers -influences are common to people of a
particular generation because of historical circumstances. Includes cuban missile crisis,
9-11
Nonnormative Life Events - Answers -unusual occurrences that have a major impact on
a person's life
Culture - Answers -behavior patterns, beliefs and all other products of a group that are
passed on from generation to generation
Cross-Cultural Studies - Answers -compare aspects of two or more cultures
Ethnicity - Answers -rooted in cultural heritage, including nationality, race, religion and
language
Socioeconomic Status - Answers -refers to a persons position within society based on
occupational, educational and economic characteristics
Gender - Answers -the characteristics of people as females and males
Social Policy - Answers -a government's course of action designed to promote the
welfare of its citizens
Biological Processes - Answers -changes in an individuals physical nature
Cognitive Processes - Answers -changes in an individuals thought, intelligence and
language
Socioemotional Processes - Answers -changes in an individual's relationships with
other people, emotions and personality
, Nature-Nature Issue - Answers -the extent to which development is influenced by
nature (biological) and by nuture (environmental)
Stability-Change Issue - Answers -the degree to which early traits and characteristics
change through life
Continuity-Discontinuty Issue - Answers -focus on the degree to which development
involves either gradual, cumulative change (continuity) or distinct stages (discontinuity)
Theory - Answers -a irrelevant, coherent set of ideas that helps to explain a
phenomena and make predictions
Hypotheses - Answers -assertions or predictions that can be tested
Psychoanalytic Theories - Answers -development depends primarily on the
unconscious mind and is heavily colored by emotion
Erikson's Theory - Answers -eight stages of psychosocial development throughout the
human life span
Plaget's Theory - Answers -theory that children go through four stages of cognitive
development and construct their understanding of the world
Vygotsky's Theory - Answers -a sociocultural cognitive theory that emphasizes how
culture and social interaction guide cognitive development
Information-Processing Theory - Answers -theory that emphasizes that individuals
manipulate information, monitor it and strategize about it
Behavioral and Social Cognitive Theories - Answers -hold that development can be
described in terms of the behaviors leaned through interactions with our surroundings
Social Cognitive Theory - Answers -theory that behavior., environment, and
person/cognitive factors are key factors in development
Ethology - Answers -study of the behavior of animals in their natural habitat
Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Theory - Answers -holds that development reflects the
influence of several environmental systems
Eclectic Theoretical Orientation - Answers -does not follow any one theoretical
approach but rather presents what are considered the best features of each theory
Laboratory - Answers -controlled setting where many of the complex factors of the real
world are absent
