Physiology - Final (Nightingale College) (Week
15) questions and answers 2026\2027 A+ Grade
Positive-feedback control systems:
- correct answer accelerate a change.
Of the pathogenic organisms, which of the following are the most complex?
-Viruses
-Tapeworms
-Bacteria
-Protozoa
- correct answer Tapeworms
Shivering to try to raise your body temperature back to normal would be an example of:
-the body trying to maintain homeostasis.
-a positive-feedback mechanism.
-a negative-feedback mechanism.
- correct answer the body trying to maintain homeostasis and a negative-feedback mechanism
The term that literally means self-immunity is:
- correct answer autoimmunity
Intracellular parasites that consist of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat and sometimes by a
lipoprotein envelope are called:
- correct answer viruses
Pathogenesis can be defined as:
- correct answer the course of disease development.
,Intrinsic control:
- correct answer is sometimes called autoregulation.
Which of the following is not one of the basic components in a feedback control loop?
-Effector mechanism
-Transmitter
-Sensor
-Integrating center
- correct answer transmitter
Negative-feedback control systems:
- correct answer oppose a change
Negative-feedback mechanisms:
-minimize changes in blood glucose levels.
-maintain homeostasis.
-are responsible for an increased rate of sweating when air temperature is higher than body
temperature.
- correct answer All the above are correct of the negative-feedback mechanisms
The amino group in an amino acid is:
- correct answer NH3+
The element that is present in all proteins but not in carbohydrates is:
- correct answer nitrogen
Which of the following is not one of the major groups of organic substances in the human body?
-proteins
-salts
-lipids
-nucleic acids
- correct answer salts
,The term glycoprotein, a combination of two words, tells you that the compound is made of _____, with
_____ being the dominant component.
- correct answer carbohydrate and protein; protein
Humans can synthesize 13 of 21 basic amino acids; the remaining 8, which must be included in the diet,
are called:
- correct answer essential amino acids
Which energy-releasing or energy-transferring molecule does not contain a nucleotide?
- correct answer Creatine phosphate
Which level of protein structure refers to the number, kind, and sequence of amino acids?
- correct answer primary
All of the following substances are organic except:
-lipids
-electrolytes
-carbohydrates
-proteins
- correct answer electrolytes
Which of the following is not true of RNA?
-it contains ribose sugar
-it contains adenine
-it is composed of smaller molecules called nucleotides
-all of the above are true of RNA
- correct answer all of the above are true of RNA
The types of lipids found that form hormones, such as cortisone, estrogen, and testosterone are:
- correct answer Steroids
, The type of lipoprotein associated with "bad" cholesterol and the production of atherosclerotic changes
in blood vessels is:
- correct answer LDL
What is the most important factor in determining the physical and chemical properties of fatty acids?
- correct answer Degree of saturation
Peptide bonds join together molecules of:
- correct answer amino acids
When two molecules of glucose are joined, they form which disaccharide?
- correct answer maltose
Which of the following is not true of carbohydrates?
-They include substances commonly called sugars.
-They are the body's primary source of energy.
-They are a part of both DNA and RNA.
-All of the above are true of carbohydrates.
- correct answer All of the above are true of carbohydrates.
Which of the following statements is true?
-Amino acid chains form DNA.
-The site of transcription is within the nucleus, whereas the site of translation is in the cytoplasm.
-Uracil is present in DNA in place of thymine.
-None of the above is true.
- correct answer The site of transcription is within the nucleus, whereas the site of translation is in the
cytoplasm.
Which is not true about the sodium and potassium pump?
-It uses cellular energy.
-Sodium moves into the cell and potassium moves out of the cell.
-A carrier system is used.
15) questions and answers 2026\2027 A+ Grade
Positive-feedback control systems:
- correct answer accelerate a change.
Of the pathogenic organisms, which of the following are the most complex?
-Viruses
-Tapeworms
-Bacteria
-Protozoa
- correct answer Tapeworms
Shivering to try to raise your body temperature back to normal would be an example of:
-the body trying to maintain homeostasis.
-a positive-feedback mechanism.
-a negative-feedback mechanism.
- correct answer the body trying to maintain homeostasis and a negative-feedback mechanism
The term that literally means self-immunity is:
- correct answer autoimmunity
Intracellular parasites that consist of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat and sometimes by a
lipoprotein envelope are called:
- correct answer viruses
Pathogenesis can be defined as:
- correct answer the course of disease development.
,Intrinsic control:
- correct answer is sometimes called autoregulation.
Which of the following is not one of the basic components in a feedback control loop?
-Effector mechanism
-Transmitter
-Sensor
-Integrating center
- correct answer transmitter
Negative-feedback control systems:
- correct answer oppose a change
Negative-feedback mechanisms:
-minimize changes in blood glucose levels.
-maintain homeostasis.
-are responsible for an increased rate of sweating when air temperature is higher than body
temperature.
- correct answer All the above are correct of the negative-feedback mechanisms
The amino group in an amino acid is:
- correct answer NH3+
The element that is present in all proteins but not in carbohydrates is:
- correct answer nitrogen
Which of the following is not one of the major groups of organic substances in the human body?
-proteins
-salts
-lipids
-nucleic acids
- correct answer salts
,The term glycoprotein, a combination of two words, tells you that the compound is made of _____, with
_____ being the dominant component.
- correct answer carbohydrate and protein; protein
Humans can synthesize 13 of 21 basic amino acids; the remaining 8, which must be included in the diet,
are called:
- correct answer essential amino acids
Which energy-releasing or energy-transferring molecule does not contain a nucleotide?
- correct answer Creatine phosphate
Which level of protein structure refers to the number, kind, and sequence of amino acids?
- correct answer primary
All of the following substances are organic except:
-lipids
-electrolytes
-carbohydrates
-proteins
- correct answer electrolytes
Which of the following is not true of RNA?
-it contains ribose sugar
-it contains adenine
-it is composed of smaller molecules called nucleotides
-all of the above are true of RNA
- correct answer all of the above are true of RNA
The types of lipids found that form hormones, such as cortisone, estrogen, and testosterone are:
- correct answer Steroids
, The type of lipoprotein associated with "bad" cholesterol and the production of atherosclerotic changes
in blood vessels is:
- correct answer LDL
What is the most important factor in determining the physical and chemical properties of fatty acids?
- correct answer Degree of saturation
Peptide bonds join together molecules of:
- correct answer amino acids
When two molecules of glucose are joined, they form which disaccharide?
- correct answer maltose
Which of the following is not true of carbohydrates?
-They include substances commonly called sugars.
-They are the body's primary source of energy.
-They are a part of both DNA and RNA.
-All of the above are true of carbohydrates.
- correct answer All of the above are true of carbohydrates.
Which of the following statements is true?
-Amino acid chains form DNA.
-The site of transcription is within the nucleus, whereas the site of translation is in the cytoplasm.
-Uracil is present in DNA in place of thymine.
-None of the above is true.
- correct answer The site of transcription is within the nucleus, whereas the site of translation is in the
cytoplasm.
Which is not true about the sodium and potassium pump?
-It uses cellular energy.
-Sodium moves into the cell and potassium moves out of the cell.
-A carrier system is used.
