NR 601 MIDTERM EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE
PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ Which one of the following is true about aging changes? Answer:
stage 3 and stage 4 sleep decreases
⩥ An old woman who is cared for by attentive, cautious, concerned
family is particularly likely to suffer from which one of the following
complications after an episode of gastroenteritis? Answer: immobility
related to over concern
⩥ Which one of the following is true about psychological aging?
Answer: ageism can lead to isolation and depression
⩥ Of the following conditions which one is most common and most
often preventable Answer: iatrogenic disease
⩥ The US advisory committee on immunization practices and the
centers for disease control currently recommend which one of the
following? Answer: All older adults be immunized against influenza
annually and that they receive at least one pneumococcal vaccination, all
high risk older adults should receive an additional pneumococcal
vaccination 5 years or more after their first immunization, and older
adults should receive a one-time revaccination for pneumonia if they
,were initially vaccinated more than 5 years previously and were less
than 65 years of age at the time of the initial vaccination
⩥ Healthcare providers should recommend that older adults engage in:
Answer: 150 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity weekly
⩥ Guidelines for the primary prevention of stroke recommend that
aspirin be used in which one of the following? Answer: individuals
whose risk is high enough for the benefits to outweighs the risk
⩥ Older adults are less likely to get counseled for smoking cessation but
they have what quit rates? Answer: the same quit rates as younger
individuals
⩥ What is true about cultural humility? Answer: It places emphasis on
power imbalances and promotes interpersonal sensitivity through
partnerships with and learning from patients
⩥ How are older black americans impacted by cultural disparities
Answer: reluctance to participate in medical research,
underrepresentation of geriatric black physicians in the work force, and
cumulative effects of differences in access to healthcare providers
⩥ Most appropriate description of personhood as it relates to people
with dementia Answer: the ability to relate to others as people rather
,than preserving cognitive independence, is an important aspect of
"personhood"
⩥ cultural beliefs in older adults Answer: end of life care is sensitive to
culture beliefs and should be explored carefully with the patient and
family as appropriate
⩥ Patient GG is an 82-year-old woman with complaints of dysuria and
polyuria. A urinalysis is positive for a urinary tract infection. She is 55
kg, her serum creatinine is 1.5 mg/dL, and she has no known drug
allergies. Which of the following is the most appropriate antibiotic
regimen? Answer: Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim 400/80 mg BID for 3
days
⩥ An older woman with a history of mild Alzheimer disease was
recently started on oxybutynin 10 mg orally twice daily for urinary
incontinence. Her family reports that she has been increasingly
disoriented over the past month and she notes some constipation on the
review of systems during her office visit. What management is best
regarding her urinary incontinence? Answer: Change oxybutynin to
mirabegron 25 mg orally daily.
⩥ Patient SL is a 68-year-old man you are seeing for follow-up of
uncontrolled hypertension. He is currently prescribed amlodipine 10 mg
daily, azilsartan 40 mg daily, metoprolol tartrate 50 mg BID (twice
daily), and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) 25 mg daily, and his blood
pressure is consistently above target. Secondary causes of hypertension
, have been ruled out. You ask him about missing doses and he tells you
that it is difficult to take so many tablets and the brand-name medication
is very expensive. Select the best way to improve this patient's
adherence. You decide to discontinue brand name azilsartan and:
Answer: Initiate losartan/HCTZ 50/25 mg once daily; HCTZ is stopped.
⩥ An 80-year-old Black woman has a blood pressure (BP) of 168/102
mmHg and is started on amlodipine 5 mg daily. The JNC 8 panel
recommends treating this patient to a goal blood pressure of less than
Answer: 150 mmHg systolic and 90 mmHg diastolic
⩥ A 54-year-old Hispanic woman has home BP of 155/95 mmHg,
confirmed by multiple similar readings and office BP of 154/94 mmHg.
She exercises, follows a low-salt diet, and rarely drinks alcohol. Which
one of the following medications would be most appropriate for this
patient? Answer: a. Chlorthalidone
⩥ A 72-year-old man with a history of hypertension recently had acute
coronary syndrome for which he was hospitalized and treated with a
stent to one of his coronary arteries. In addition to antiplatelet therapy,
what antihypertensives are recommended to treat his BP and improve
outcomes regarding his ischemic heart disease? Answer: Lisinopril and
metoprolol
⩥ The pathophysiology that underlies the formation of atherosclerotic
plaque in coronary arteries is primarily associated with which of the
following mechanisms? Answer: Inflammation
PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ Which one of the following is true about aging changes? Answer:
stage 3 and stage 4 sleep decreases
⩥ An old woman who is cared for by attentive, cautious, concerned
family is particularly likely to suffer from which one of the following
complications after an episode of gastroenteritis? Answer: immobility
related to over concern
⩥ Which one of the following is true about psychological aging?
Answer: ageism can lead to isolation and depression
⩥ Of the following conditions which one is most common and most
often preventable Answer: iatrogenic disease
⩥ The US advisory committee on immunization practices and the
centers for disease control currently recommend which one of the
following? Answer: All older adults be immunized against influenza
annually and that they receive at least one pneumococcal vaccination, all
high risk older adults should receive an additional pneumococcal
vaccination 5 years or more after their first immunization, and older
adults should receive a one-time revaccination for pneumonia if they
,were initially vaccinated more than 5 years previously and were less
than 65 years of age at the time of the initial vaccination
⩥ Healthcare providers should recommend that older adults engage in:
Answer: 150 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity weekly
⩥ Guidelines for the primary prevention of stroke recommend that
aspirin be used in which one of the following? Answer: individuals
whose risk is high enough for the benefits to outweighs the risk
⩥ Older adults are less likely to get counseled for smoking cessation but
they have what quit rates? Answer: the same quit rates as younger
individuals
⩥ What is true about cultural humility? Answer: It places emphasis on
power imbalances and promotes interpersonal sensitivity through
partnerships with and learning from patients
⩥ How are older black americans impacted by cultural disparities
Answer: reluctance to participate in medical research,
underrepresentation of geriatric black physicians in the work force, and
cumulative effects of differences in access to healthcare providers
⩥ Most appropriate description of personhood as it relates to people
with dementia Answer: the ability to relate to others as people rather
,than preserving cognitive independence, is an important aspect of
"personhood"
⩥ cultural beliefs in older adults Answer: end of life care is sensitive to
culture beliefs and should be explored carefully with the patient and
family as appropriate
⩥ Patient GG is an 82-year-old woman with complaints of dysuria and
polyuria. A urinalysis is positive for a urinary tract infection. She is 55
kg, her serum creatinine is 1.5 mg/dL, and she has no known drug
allergies. Which of the following is the most appropriate antibiotic
regimen? Answer: Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim 400/80 mg BID for 3
days
⩥ An older woman with a history of mild Alzheimer disease was
recently started on oxybutynin 10 mg orally twice daily for urinary
incontinence. Her family reports that she has been increasingly
disoriented over the past month and she notes some constipation on the
review of systems during her office visit. What management is best
regarding her urinary incontinence? Answer: Change oxybutynin to
mirabegron 25 mg orally daily.
⩥ Patient SL is a 68-year-old man you are seeing for follow-up of
uncontrolled hypertension. He is currently prescribed amlodipine 10 mg
daily, azilsartan 40 mg daily, metoprolol tartrate 50 mg BID (twice
daily), and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) 25 mg daily, and his blood
pressure is consistently above target. Secondary causes of hypertension
, have been ruled out. You ask him about missing doses and he tells you
that it is difficult to take so many tablets and the brand-name medication
is very expensive. Select the best way to improve this patient's
adherence. You decide to discontinue brand name azilsartan and:
Answer: Initiate losartan/HCTZ 50/25 mg once daily; HCTZ is stopped.
⩥ An 80-year-old Black woman has a blood pressure (BP) of 168/102
mmHg and is started on amlodipine 5 mg daily. The JNC 8 panel
recommends treating this patient to a goal blood pressure of less than
Answer: 150 mmHg systolic and 90 mmHg diastolic
⩥ A 54-year-old Hispanic woman has home BP of 155/95 mmHg,
confirmed by multiple similar readings and office BP of 154/94 mmHg.
She exercises, follows a low-salt diet, and rarely drinks alcohol. Which
one of the following medications would be most appropriate for this
patient? Answer: a. Chlorthalidone
⩥ A 72-year-old man with a history of hypertension recently had acute
coronary syndrome for which he was hospitalized and treated with a
stent to one of his coronary arteries. In addition to antiplatelet therapy,
what antihypertensives are recommended to treat his BP and improve
outcomes regarding his ischemic heart disease? Answer: Lisinopril and
metoprolol
⩥ The pathophysiology that underlies the formation of atherosclerotic
plaque in coronary arteries is primarily associated with which of the
following mechanisms? Answer: Inflammation
