BSNC 1000 Final exam (Module 8-10)
Questions with Accurate Answers
The family is a basic or primary unit of society, as are all the other units, and they are all
part of the larger system of the society. What type of family approach is this?
a. Family as a context
b. Family as a client
c. Family as a system
d. Family as a component of society - ANSWERSd. Family as a component of society
Coping ineffective: exceeds capacity to manage, requires outside assistance?
a. Stress neutral
b. Challenge/Manageable
c. Stress not manageable - ANSWERSc. Stress not manageable
LDLs can diffuse freely through the endothelial barrier of blood vessels and enter the
subendothelial space?
a. True
b. False - ANSWERSb. False
LDLs:
- Cross the endothelial barrier through receptor-mediated transcytosis
- may also cross the endothelial barrier if paracellular gaps are sufficiently wide
- e.g. Increased permeability during an inflammatory response
a. True
b. False - ANSWERSa. True
Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis? - ANSWERS1. An injury to the endothelium of
vascular intima triggers the inflammatory process--- cause vasodilation and increased
permeability
2. Increased permeability allows infiltration of immune cells such as macrophages and
circulating LDLs: become modified by oxidation and oxidized LDLs trigger macrophage
phagocytosis
3. Fat-Ladened macrophages (Foam cells) secrete inflammatory mediators and growth
factors:
- Inflammatory mediators recruit more immune cells to the injured site
- Growth factors increase division and migration of smooth muscle cells
4. - Smooth muscle cells produce collagen fibers that form the fibrous cap
,- macrophages, foam cells, necrotic tissue with released cholesterol form the lipid rich
necrotic core.
What is Non-modifiable risk factors of atherosclerosis?
a. Advanced age
b. The male sex
c. Family history of cardiovascular diseases (HTN, atherosclerosis)
d. Dyslipidemia
e. Obesity - ANSWERSa. Advanced age
b. The male sex
c. Family history of cardiovascular diseases (HTN, atherosclerosis)
What is modifiable risk factors of atherosclerosis?
a. Advanced age
b. The male sex
c Dyslipidemia
d. Hypertension
e. Obesity
f. Diabetes
e Stress
f. Diet, physical inactivity, excessive alcohol intake, smoking - ANSWERSc Dyslipidemia
d. Hypertension
e. Obesity
f. Diabetes
e Stress
f. Diet, physical inactivity, excessive alcohol intake, smoking
What is clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis?
a. The earliest visible lesion is called a FATTY STREAKS:
b. Fatty streaks can progress to advanced lesions called plaques or atheromas.
c. none of the above - ANSWERSa. The earliest visible lesion is called a fatty streak
b. Fatty streaks can progress to advanced lesions called plaques or atheromas
What is Type of plaques? (select all that apply)
a. Stable plague
b. unstable plaques
c. Fatty streaks
d. Plaques that led to Arterial wall dilation - ANSWERSa. Stable plague
b. unstable plaques
d. Plaques that led to Arterial wall dilation
Stable plaque
, a. Thin fibrous cap vulnerable to spontaneous erosion or rupture
b. Thick fibrous cap with small lipid rich necrotic core
c. Plaques that led to a dilation of arterial wall - ANSWERSb. Thick fibrous cap with
small lipid rich necrotic core
Unstable plaques
a. Thin fibrous cap vulnerable to spontaneous erosion or rupture
b. Thick fibrous cap with small lipid rich necrotic core
c. Plaques that led to a dilation of arterial wall - ANSWERSa. Thin fibrous cap
vulnerable to spontaneous erosion or rupture
What is thromboembolism?
a. Ruptured plaque fragment blocks smaller distal arterioles.
b. Thrombus (part of a blood clot)dislodges and blocks smaller distal artery.
- more common
c. All of the above - ANSWERSb. Thrombus (part of a blood clot)dislodges and blocks
smaller distal artery.
- more common
What is Atheroembolism?
a. Ruptured plaque fragment blocks smaller distal arterioles.
b. Thrombus (part of a blood clot)dislodges and blocks smaller distal artery.
- more common
c. All of the above - ANSWERSa. Ruptured plaque fragment blocks smaller distal
arterioles.
Is Fatty streaks are reversible?
a. Yes
b. No - ANSWERSa. Yes
What is Fatty Streak?
a. Thin, flat, yellow discoloration
b. Generally do not block the artery lumen or disturb blood flow
c. Can be seen as early as childhood
d. Protrude into arteries - ANSWERSa. Thin, flat, yellow discoloration
b. Generally do not block the artery lumen or disturb blood flow
c. Can be seen as early as childhood
What is Plaques (ATHEROMAS)?
Questions with Accurate Answers
The family is a basic or primary unit of society, as are all the other units, and they are all
part of the larger system of the society. What type of family approach is this?
a. Family as a context
b. Family as a client
c. Family as a system
d. Family as a component of society - ANSWERSd. Family as a component of society
Coping ineffective: exceeds capacity to manage, requires outside assistance?
a. Stress neutral
b. Challenge/Manageable
c. Stress not manageable - ANSWERSc. Stress not manageable
LDLs can diffuse freely through the endothelial barrier of blood vessels and enter the
subendothelial space?
a. True
b. False - ANSWERSb. False
LDLs:
- Cross the endothelial barrier through receptor-mediated transcytosis
- may also cross the endothelial barrier if paracellular gaps are sufficiently wide
- e.g. Increased permeability during an inflammatory response
a. True
b. False - ANSWERSa. True
Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis? - ANSWERS1. An injury to the endothelium of
vascular intima triggers the inflammatory process--- cause vasodilation and increased
permeability
2. Increased permeability allows infiltration of immune cells such as macrophages and
circulating LDLs: become modified by oxidation and oxidized LDLs trigger macrophage
phagocytosis
3. Fat-Ladened macrophages (Foam cells) secrete inflammatory mediators and growth
factors:
- Inflammatory mediators recruit more immune cells to the injured site
- Growth factors increase division and migration of smooth muscle cells
4. - Smooth muscle cells produce collagen fibers that form the fibrous cap
,- macrophages, foam cells, necrotic tissue with released cholesterol form the lipid rich
necrotic core.
What is Non-modifiable risk factors of atherosclerosis?
a. Advanced age
b. The male sex
c. Family history of cardiovascular diseases (HTN, atherosclerosis)
d. Dyslipidemia
e. Obesity - ANSWERSa. Advanced age
b. The male sex
c. Family history of cardiovascular diseases (HTN, atherosclerosis)
What is modifiable risk factors of atherosclerosis?
a. Advanced age
b. The male sex
c Dyslipidemia
d. Hypertension
e. Obesity
f. Diabetes
e Stress
f. Diet, physical inactivity, excessive alcohol intake, smoking - ANSWERSc Dyslipidemia
d. Hypertension
e. Obesity
f. Diabetes
e Stress
f. Diet, physical inactivity, excessive alcohol intake, smoking
What is clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis?
a. The earliest visible lesion is called a FATTY STREAKS:
b. Fatty streaks can progress to advanced lesions called plaques or atheromas.
c. none of the above - ANSWERSa. The earliest visible lesion is called a fatty streak
b. Fatty streaks can progress to advanced lesions called plaques or atheromas
What is Type of plaques? (select all that apply)
a. Stable plague
b. unstable plaques
c. Fatty streaks
d. Plaques that led to Arterial wall dilation - ANSWERSa. Stable plague
b. unstable plaques
d. Plaques that led to Arterial wall dilation
Stable plaque
, a. Thin fibrous cap vulnerable to spontaneous erosion or rupture
b. Thick fibrous cap with small lipid rich necrotic core
c. Plaques that led to a dilation of arterial wall - ANSWERSb. Thick fibrous cap with
small lipid rich necrotic core
Unstable plaques
a. Thin fibrous cap vulnerable to spontaneous erosion or rupture
b. Thick fibrous cap with small lipid rich necrotic core
c. Plaques that led to a dilation of arterial wall - ANSWERSa. Thin fibrous cap
vulnerable to spontaneous erosion or rupture
What is thromboembolism?
a. Ruptured plaque fragment blocks smaller distal arterioles.
b. Thrombus (part of a blood clot)dislodges and blocks smaller distal artery.
- more common
c. All of the above - ANSWERSb. Thrombus (part of a blood clot)dislodges and blocks
smaller distal artery.
- more common
What is Atheroembolism?
a. Ruptured plaque fragment blocks smaller distal arterioles.
b. Thrombus (part of a blood clot)dislodges and blocks smaller distal artery.
- more common
c. All of the above - ANSWERSa. Ruptured plaque fragment blocks smaller distal
arterioles.
Is Fatty streaks are reversible?
a. Yes
b. No - ANSWERSa. Yes
What is Fatty Streak?
a. Thin, flat, yellow discoloration
b. Generally do not block the artery lumen or disturb blood flow
c. Can be seen as early as childhood
d. Protrude into arteries - ANSWERSa. Thin, flat, yellow discoloration
b. Generally do not block the artery lumen or disturb blood flow
c. Can be seen as early as childhood
What is Plaques (ATHEROMAS)?
