CURRENT MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS AND
TREATMENT 2026
65TH EDITION
Author(s)Maxine A. Papadakis; Michael
W. Rabow; Kenneth R. McQuaid; Paul L.
Nadler; Erika Leemann Price
TEST BANK
1
Reference
Ch. 1 — Disease Prevention & Health Promotion — Colorectal
Cancer Screening
Stem
A 51-year-old man with no GI symptoms and no family history
of colorectal cancer presents for a routine health maintenance
visit. He has hypertension and well-controlled type 2 diabetes.
,He asks whether he needs colorectal screening now and what
modality is best.
Options
A. No screening now; begin colonoscopy at age 60 given
comorbidities.
B. Offer screening now; shared decision for stool-based test
annually or colonoscopy every 10 years.
C. Offer only flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years; colonoscopy
reserved for symptomatic patients.
D. Single-time CT colonography at age 55; no further testing if
normal.
Correct answer
B
Rationale — Correct
CMDT supports screening average-risk adults beginning in mid-
adulthood with discussion of available options; shared decision-
making allows stool-based testing (annual or multi-year
intervals depending on test) or screening colonoscopy (every 10
years) because multiple options reduce mortality. This patient
(age 51, average risk) should be offered screening now.
Rationales — Incorrect
A. Delaying to 60 is not evidence-based; early detection
beginning in mid-adulthood reduces mortality.
C. Flexible sigmoidoscopy is not the preferred sole option in
many guidelines; colonoscopy or validated stool tests are
acceptable.
,D. CT colonography can be used but is not routinely
recommended as single-time test without planned interval
strategy and often requires follow-up colonoscopy for polyps.
Teaching point
Begin colorectal screening in average-risk adults in mid-
adulthood; choose test by shared decision.
Citation
Papadakis, M. A., McPhee, S. J., & Rabow, M. W. (2026). Current
Medical Diagnosis & Treatment (65th ed.). Ch. 1.
2
Reference
Ch. 1 — Disease Prevention & Health Promotion — Breast
Cancer Screening
Stem
A 44-year-old woman with no family history of breast cancer
asks about mammography. She exercises, is a non-smoker, and
has normal BMI. She wants to know if she should start routine
mammograms now.
Options
A. Defer mammography until age 50 because screening before
50 offers no mortality benefit.
B. Offer biennial screening mammography starting now after
discussing risks and benefits.
C. Recommend annual mammography only if she has dense
, breasts; otherwise defer.
D. Begin annual mammography now and add routine breast
MRI.
Correct answer
B
Rationale — Correct
CMDT and contemporary task-force guidance recommend
offering biennial mammography starting in the early 40s with
individualized discussion about benefits and harms; for average-
risk 40–49-year-olds, shared decision-making is emphasized and
biennial imaging is reasonable.
Rationales — Incorrect
A. Universal deferral to 50 is outdated; individual preference
and risk justify earlier screening.
C. Dense breasts increase false negatives/positives but density
alone does not exclude screening; shared decision remains.
D. Routine MRI is reserved for high-risk patients (e.g., known
pathogenic BRCA mutation), not average risk.
Teaching point
Offer mammography by shared decision for women in their 40s;
tailor to risk and values.
Citation
Papadakis, M. A., McPhee, S. J., & Rabow, M. W. (2026). Current
Medical Diagnosis & Treatment (65th ed.). Ch. 1.
TREATMENT 2026
65TH EDITION
Author(s)Maxine A. Papadakis; Michael
W. Rabow; Kenneth R. McQuaid; Paul L.
Nadler; Erika Leemann Price
TEST BANK
1
Reference
Ch. 1 — Disease Prevention & Health Promotion — Colorectal
Cancer Screening
Stem
A 51-year-old man with no GI symptoms and no family history
of colorectal cancer presents for a routine health maintenance
visit. He has hypertension and well-controlled type 2 diabetes.
,He asks whether he needs colorectal screening now and what
modality is best.
Options
A. No screening now; begin colonoscopy at age 60 given
comorbidities.
B. Offer screening now; shared decision for stool-based test
annually or colonoscopy every 10 years.
C. Offer only flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years; colonoscopy
reserved for symptomatic patients.
D. Single-time CT colonography at age 55; no further testing if
normal.
Correct answer
B
Rationale — Correct
CMDT supports screening average-risk adults beginning in mid-
adulthood with discussion of available options; shared decision-
making allows stool-based testing (annual or multi-year
intervals depending on test) or screening colonoscopy (every 10
years) because multiple options reduce mortality. This patient
(age 51, average risk) should be offered screening now.
Rationales — Incorrect
A. Delaying to 60 is not evidence-based; early detection
beginning in mid-adulthood reduces mortality.
C. Flexible sigmoidoscopy is not the preferred sole option in
many guidelines; colonoscopy or validated stool tests are
acceptable.
,D. CT colonography can be used but is not routinely
recommended as single-time test without planned interval
strategy and often requires follow-up colonoscopy for polyps.
Teaching point
Begin colorectal screening in average-risk adults in mid-
adulthood; choose test by shared decision.
Citation
Papadakis, M. A., McPhee, S. J., & Rabow, M. W. (2026). Current
Medical Diagnosis & Treatment (65th ed.). Ch. 1.
2
Reference
Ch. 1 — Disease Prevention & Health Promotion — Breast
Cancer Screening
Stem
A 44-year-old woman with no family history of breast cancer
asks about mammography. She exercises, is a non-smoker, and
has normal BMI. She wants to know if she should start routine
mammograms now.
Options
A. Defer mammography until age 50 because screening before
50 offers no mortality benefit.
B. Offer biennial screening mammography starting now after
discussing risks and benefits.
C. Recommend annual mammography only if she has dense
, breasts; otherwise defer.
D. Begin annual mammography now and add routine breast
MRI.
Correct answer
B
Rationale — Correct
CMDT and contemporary task-force guidance recommend
offering biennial mammography starting in the early 40s with
individualized discussion about benefits and harms; for average-
risk 40–49-year-olds, shared decision-making is emphasized and
biennial imaging is reasonable.
Rationales — Incorrect
A. Universal deferral to 50 is outdated; individual preference
and risk justify earlier screening.
C. Dense breasts increase false negatives/positives but density
alone does not exclude screening; shared decision remains.
D. Routine MRI is reserved for high-risk patients (e.g., known
pathogenic BRCA mutation), not average risk.
Teaching point
Offer mammography by shared decision for women in their 40s;
tailor to risk and values.
Citation
Papadakis, M. A., McPhee, S. J., & Rabow, M. W. (2026). Current
Medical Diagnosis & Treatment (65th ed.). Ch. 1.
