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Chapter i19: iElectronic iMaterials 19-1 Of ithe imetals iin iTable i19-1, iwhich iare ithe imost iand ileast iconductive? Solution: The imost iconductive iis isilver i(Au) iand ithe ileast iconductive iis igallium i(Ga). 19-2 Find ithe iresistance iof ia ifiber iwith ia icross-sectional iarea iof ia i1.34 imm2 iand ia ilength iof i10 icm ithat iis isubjected ito ia ivoltage iof i225 iV ifor iwhich ithe icurrent idensity ii...

Chapter i18: iConstruction iMaterials 18-1 Table i18–1 ilists ithe idensities ifor itypical iwoods. iCalculate ithe idensities iof ithe iwoods iafter ithey iare icompletely idried iand iat i100% iwater icontent. Solution: The ipercentage iof iwater iin ia igiven iwood iis igiven iby iEquation i18–1: % iWater i= i(weight iof iwater/dry iweight) i× i100. iFurthermore, ithe iweight iof ithe iwater iis igiven iby iweight iof iwate...

Chapter 17: Composites: Teamwork and Synergy in Materials 17-7 In Figure 17-2, find the largest and smallest difference in strength between Borsic and SAP and also the temperatures at which these differences occur. Solution: The greatest difference occurs at approximately 25°C and is about 120,000 psi. The smallest difference occurs at the highest temperature on the chart, 550°C and is about 70,000 psi. 17-8 A tungsten matrix with 20% porosity is infiltrated with silver. Assuming t...

Chapter 16: Polymers 16-6 Kevlar (C14H10N2O2) is used in various applications from tires to body armor due to its high strength-to-weight ratio. The polymer is produced from the monomers paraphenylene diamine (C6H8N2) and terephthaloyl chloride (C8H4Cl2O2) by the following reaction: (a) What type of polymerization does the above reaction represent? (b) Assuming 100% efficiency, calculate the weight of terephthaloyl chloride required to completely combine with 1 kg of paraphenylene diami...

Chapter i15: iCeramics 15-4 Zirconia i(cubic) iand idiamond iare itested ito idetermine itheir iexpansion iwhen itheir itemperatures iincrease iby ia iset iinterval. iAssuming iboth iare ipure, ihow imuch imore ishould ithe iZrO2 iexpand ithan ithe idiamond isample? iDoes ithis igive iyou iany iinsight iabout idistinguishing ibetween ithese imaterials? Solution: Referring ito iTable i15-2, iwe ican isimply itake ithe iratio iof ithe ...

Chapter i14: iNonferrous iAlloys 14-1 In isome icases, iwe imay ibe imore iinterested iin icost iof ia imaterial iper iunit ivolume ithan iin ithe icost iper iunit iweight. iRework iTable i14–1 ito ishow ithe icost iin iterms iof i$/cm3. iDoes ithis ichange/alter ithe irelationship ibetween ithe idifferent imaterials? Solution: We ican ifind ithe idensity i(in ig/cm3) iof ieach imetal ifrom iAppendix iA. iWe ican iconvert ithe i...

Chapter i13: iHeat iTreatment iof iSteels iand iCast iIrons 13-3 A imanufacturing iplant irequires i15 ilb iof iAISI i8620 iper ifinal iproduct. iThe iplant imakes i700 iunits iper iday i(three ishifts) isix idays ia iweek, i50 iweeks ia iyear. iHow imany itons iof iyttrium iis ithis iplant iconsuming iper iyear iif inothing iis iwasted? Solution: Referring ito iTable i13-1, iwe isee ithat iAISI i8620 icontains ifrom i0.15 i...

Chapter i12: iDispersion iStrengthening iby iPhase iTransformations iand iHeat iTreatment 12-1 (a) iDetermine ithe icritical inucleus isize ir* ifor ihomogeneous inucleation ifor iprecipitation iof iphase iβ iin ia imatrix iof iphase iα. iHint: iThe icritical inucleus isize ioccurs iat ithe imaximum iin ithe iexpression ifor iΔG(r) iin iEquation i12–1. i(b) iPlot ithe itotal ifree ienergy ichange iΔG ias ia ifunction iof ithe i...

Chapter i11: iDispersion iStrengthening iand iEutectic iPhase iDiagrams 11-9 Under iwhat icircumstances iis ithe itotal icomposition ithe isame ias ithe iphase icomposition ior icompositions? iUnder iwhat icircumstances iis iit idifferent? Solution: In ia ione iphase iregion ithe ialloy ior itotal icomposition iis ithe isame ias ithe iphase icomposition. iWhen iwe ihave imore ithan ione iphase iand iare inot iexactly ion ithe isolubil...

Chapter i10: iSolid iSolutions iand iPhase iEquilibrium 10-10 How imuch iof ia itemperature ichange iis irequired ito ibring iliquid imagnesium ifrom isolid- iliquid iequilibrium ito ivapor-liquid iequilibrium iat i1 iatmosphere? i(See iFigure i10-2.) Solution: Reading ithe igraph iin iFigure i10-2, iwe iread iabout i433 i°C idifference ibetween ithe itwo ilines iat i1 iatm. iIf ithe iY iaxis iwere iscaled, iwe icould ifind iout...

Chapter i9: iPrinciples iof iSolidification 9-5 What iis ithe idifference ibetween ihomogenous inucleation iand iheterogeneous inucleation? Solution: Homogenous inucleation ioccurs iwhen inuclei iof ithe iresulting iphase ihave ithe isame iprobability iof iforming iat ievery ilocation. iHeterogeneous inucleation iof ithe iresulting iphase ioccurs iat icertain ipreferred ilocations iin ithe ioriginal iphase. iIn ipractice, ihomogenous inucleat...

Chapter i8: iStrain iHardening iand iAnnealing 8-5 What iis ithe idifference ibetween iextrusion iand idrawing? Solution: Extrusion i– ithe iforce iis iexerted ion ithe ilarger ioriginal icross-section iof ithe iwork-piece ithat iis ipushed ithrough ia idie. iDrawing i– ithe iforce iis iapplied ion ithe ismaller icross-section ithat ihas ialready ipassed ithrough ithe idie. 8-6 Consider ithe itensile istress istrain icurves iin ...

Chapter i7: iMechanical iProperties: iPart iTwo 7-1 Alumina i(Al2O3) iis ia ibrittle iceramic iwith ilow itoughness. iSuppose ithat ifibers iof isilicon icarbide iSiC, ianother ibrittle iceramic iwith ilow itoughness, icould ibe iembedded iwithin ithe ialumina. iWould idoing ithis iaffect ithe itoughness iof ithe iceramic imatrix icomposite? Explain. Solution: The iSiC ifibers imay iimprove ithe itoughness iof ithe ialumina imatrix. iT...

Chapter i6: iMechanical iProperties: iPart iOne 6-14 Calculate ithe imaximum iforce ithat ia i0.2-in. idiameter irod iof iAl2O3, ihaving ia iyield istrength iof i35,000 ipsi, ican iwithstand iwith ino iplastic ideformation. iExpress iyour ianswer iin ilbs iand iN. Solution: F i= iSA0 i= i(35,000 ipsi)(π/4)(0.2 iin.)2 i= i1100 ilb F i= i(1100 ilb)(4.448 iN/lb) i= i4891 iN 6-15 A icylindrical ispecimen iof ia ititanium ialloy ihavi...

Chapter i5: iAtom iand iIon iMovements iin iMaterials 5-10 Atoms iare ifound ito imove ifrom ione ilattice iposition ito ianother iat ithe irate iof i5 i× i105 ijumps/s iat i400°C iwhen ithe iactivation ienergy ifor itheir imovement iis i30,000 ical/mol. iCalculate ithe ijump irate iat i750°C. Solution: 5105 c iexp[ i i30, i000/(1.987)/(673)] Rate i  i i io  iexp( i i22.434 i14.759) x co iexp[ i i30, i...

Chapter i4: iImperfections iin ithe iAtomic iand iIonic iArrangements 4-1 Gold ihas i5.82 i× i108 ivacancies/cm3 iat iequilibrium iat i300 iK. iWhat ifraction iof ithe iatomic isites iis ivacant iat i600 iK? Solution: The inumber iof ivacancies iper icm3 inv iis igiven iby  iQv i nv i in iexp i iRT i i,   where in iis ithe inumber iof iatoms iper icm3, iQv iis ithe ienergy irequired ito iproduce ion...

Chapter i3: iAtomic iand iIonic iArrangements 3-1 What iis ia icrystalline imaterial? Solution: A iuniform isubstance imade iup iof ia ithree idimensional, igrid-like irepeating ipattern. 3-2 What iis ia isingle icrystal? Solution: A icrystalline imaterial ithat iis icomposed iof ionly ione icrystal. 3-3 State itwo iapplications iin iwhich isingle icrystals iare iused. Solution: Silicon iintegrated icircuit i(computer) ichips iand i...

Chapter 2: Atomic Structure 2-1 What is meant by the term composition of a material? Solution: The chemical make-up of the material. 2-2 What is meant by the term structure of a material? Solution: The spatial arrangement of atoms or ions in the material. 2-3 What are the different levels of structure of a material? Solution: Atomic structure, short- and long-range atomic arrangements, nanostructure, microstructure, and macrostructure. 2-4 Why is it important to consider the ...

Chapter 2: Atomic Structure 2-1 What is meant by the term composition of a material? Solution: The chemical make-up of the material. 2-2 What is meant by the term structure of a material? Solution: The spatial arrangement of atoms or ions in the material. 2-3 What are the different levels of structure of a material? Solution: Atomic structure, short- and long-range atomic arrangements, nanostructure, microstructure, and macrostructure. 2-4 Why is it important to consider the ...

Chapter i1: iIntroduction ito iMaterials iScience iand iEngineering 1-1 Define imaterials iscience iand iengineering i(MSE). Solution: Materials iscience iand iengineering i(MSE) iis ian iinterdisciplinary ifield ithat istudies iand imanipulates ithe icomposition iand istructure iof imaterials iacross ilength iscales ito icontrol imaterials iproperties ithrough isynthesis iand iprocessing. 1-2 What iis ithe iimportance iof ithe iengineerin...