Flyingcolors

how might older age affect GI and GU health? -risk for nutritional deficits: poor diet, living alone, social isolation, not preparing meals, etc -dec appetite, leading to constipation -lots of GI effects associated with many medications -prostate pathologies in older men that may cause obstructions how might race/ethnicity affect GI and GU health? -certain populations at higher risk of diseases that can affect GI/GU health -ex: African Americans and sickle cell disease, alcoholism in Nati...

How are cells specialized? through the process of differentiation or maturation What are the eight specialized cellular functions? movement, conductivity, metabolic absorption, secretion, excretion, respiration, reproduction, and communication What are the three general components of an eukaryotic cell? the plasma membrane, the cytoplasm, and the intracellular organelles. What causes the release of lysosomal enzemes? Cellular injury causing cellular self-digestion What is the location and ...

What is the role of the primary care provider in mental health? - Screen for mental health issues - Improve outcomes and reduce health care costs - Assess and give care to mild-moderate disorders or patients with stable severe mental disorders - From strong links with mental health specialty care for complex cases Sharing patient info (ex: meds used) about PHQ2 - what does it screen for, what are the questions, scoring - Screens for MDD - It is the first two questions of the PHQ9 - In th...

What is a Grade I sprain? Slight stretching or microscopic tear No instability What is a Grade II sprain? Partial ligamentous tear Moderate joint instability Moderate swelling Mild to moderate ecchymosis What is a Grade III sprain? Complete ligamentous tear Complete ankle instability Significant swelling Moderate to severe ecchymosis Management of a sprain? Rest, ice, compression, elevation (RICE) Immobilizer Limit weight-bearing Analgesia Length of disability usually several weeks...

when is incretin released during meals what potentiates glucose induced insulin secretion incretin what is responsible for 70% of postprandial insulin secretion incretin weight loss is seen with which type of DM type 1 Type 1A diabetes is _______________ mediated immune Type 1B diabetes is ______________ idopathic (genetic + environment precipitant) When do you screen for gestational diabetes (high and low risk?) High- early in second trimester (13- 28) Low- 24-28 weeks Diagnosis for ge...

Is it recc to test prepubescent girl for Group A strep who present with vulvovaginitis? Yes, this is a common cause for that age group What are other causes of vulvovaginitis in prepubescent girls? Nonspecific causes like irritants (perfumes, abuse) Pin worms Group A What is the first line tx for vulvovaginitis? Hygiene Start with the lowest intervention Look at causes like new clothes worn without being washed, new soap/detergent Encourage gentle cleansing with water only What blood c...

What is a fever of unknown origin (FUO)? Fever of 100.4 or greater that lasts more than 10-14 days without a documented source from physical exam/screening labs What is prolonged fever? Single illness in which fever that exceeds that which expected for the clinical dx. Ex- fever >10 days for viral URI or >3 wks for mono What is the preferred method to take temp? Rectal or oral What education should be provided to caregivers about a child's fever? Fever is symptom, not a disease. Fe...

While rational drug selection is based on the individual patient the aspect of rational drug selection addressing disease-specific information by a national medical or nursing organization is A. a guideline. B. cost. C. availability. D. patient hepatic and renal function. A. a guideline Drugs that alter synaptic transmission are much more selective than those that alter axonal conduction, why is this? a drug that affects the axonal conduction - non-selective effect. Drugs that alter syna...

First line tmt for a previously healthy person who develops CAP? Azirthomycin If you see SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) and St. John's wort together? Serotonin syndrome Hypersensitivity with Phenytoin? 3-8 weeks after treatment can occur (overly sensitive to this medication and have adverse reactions) This would look like a characteristic rash, fever, leukocytosis Carbamazepine can auto-metabolize? YES. This can auto-metabolize so you will end up with lower levels If a pa...

Pharmacology the study of drugs and their structure, targets of action, mechanisms of action (MOA), distribution (how the body disburses them throughout the body), desired physiologic effects (efficacy) and undesirable side effects (toxicity). Pharmacokinetics includes the following: ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination). Pharmacokinetics is... How the body effects the drug Absorption absorption from the administration site either directly or indirectly into the bloo...

Pathogenesis - how a disease develops Etiology - cause of disease Etiologies may be caused by - Physical - heat, injury etc Chemical - exposure to chemicals Biological - genetics Nutritional - food reactions or deficiencies etc acute disease - short term, can be severe chronic disease - an ongoing condition or illness. It is long-term and can change in severity subacute disease - a disease that is intermediate between acute and chronic levels of prevention - primary- prevention - exampl...

communicable disease- - infection often caused by direct transmission (from one person or animal to another by body fluid contact), via indirect transmission (to a person by contact with contaminated objects), or by vectors (ticks, mosquitoes, other insects) For a communicable disease to occur three factors need to be in place: - 1) an infectious agent or pathogen 2) an effective means of transmission 3) presence of susceptible host Incubation period- - interval between initial infection ...

communicable disease- infection often caused by direct transmission (from one person or animal to another by body fluid contact), via indirect transmission (to a person by contact with contaminated objects), or by vectors (ticks, mosquitoes, other insects) For a communicable disease to occur three factors need to be in place: 1) an infectious agent or pathogen 2) an effective means of transmission 3) presence of susceptible host Incubation period- interval between initial infection and fi...

Pre-interactive phase of a nurse-patient relationship Begins before the nurse's first contact w/the patient. The nurse's role is self-exploration and gathering data about the patient. Introductory or orientation phase of a nurse-patient relationship When the nurse & client first meet. The nurse seeks to find out why the client sought help. The tasks during this phase are to establish trust, understanding, acceptance, open communication and formulate a contract with the patient. The work...

Electrolyte balance and imbalances ▪ Sodium Major cation in ECF Hyponatremia - serum level below 136 mEq/L Interventions Priority is monitoring the pt. response to therapy to prevent hypernatremia and fluid overload Drug therapy Nutrition therapy ▪ Increasing oral Na intake and restricting oral fluid intake Hypernatremia Serum Na level over 145 mEq/L Medication error Any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or pt. harm while the medication ...

Which statement by a patient receiving digoxin (Lanoxin) 0.25 mg every day indicates that the nurse needs to provide further teaching? A. "I should not take antacids with this medication." B. "I will not take the digoxin if my pulse is less than 60 beats per minutes." C. "I should call the doctor if I have nausea, vomiting or weakness." D. "If I forget to take my digoxin, I should take 2 pills the next day." D. "If I forget to take my digoxin, I should take 2 pills the next day."...

Gas Ventilation Xe 133, 81 KeV, 5.3 half life; reactor produced dose: 10-20 mCi imaging: posterior position negative pressure room required uses activated charcoal trap to accumulate the exhaled xenon gas until decayed to background single breath: during inhalation wash in / equilibrium : collected while the xenon distributes through aerated portions of the lung wash out : while radioactivity is cleared from lungs Sr 89 Chloride Strontium Chloride, Metastron 1.46 MeV max, .58 Mev mean ...

According to NRC criteria, which of the following is a misadministration? a. Infiltration of an attempted intravenous injection b. Administration of 10 mCi I-131 instead of the prescribed 9 mCi c. Administration of 20 mCi Tc-99m pertechnetate instead of the prescribed 10 mCi d. Administration of 15 mCi I-131 sodium iodide intravenously instead of orally as prescribed. e. Administration of 5 mCi Tc-99m sulfur colloid to the wrong patient. - D Chromatography testing of technetium radiopharma...

Signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism Face is pale, puffy, and expressionless. Skin is cold and dry. hair is brittle, and hair loss occurs. Heart rate and temperature are lowered. The patient lethargy, fatigue, and intolerance to cold. Mentation may be impaired. Signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism Heart Rate is Rapid; Possible arrhythmia/angina Nervousness, insomnia, rapid thought flow, and rapid speech Skeletal muscles may weaken and atrophy Metabolic rate is raised, resulting in inc...

A nurse is planning to write a grant for a health promotion project in the community. Which of considerations should the nurse make when determining the appropriate population for this project? a. The fastest growing population is children under the age of 12. b. The fastest growing population is young Black American adults. c. The fastest growing population is White middle-age adults. d. The fastest growing population is non-White older adults age 65 and older. - d Which of the following ...