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What is "home improvement" (H.I.)? (C R R R R A A I) - ANS the construction, repair, remodeling, alteration, rehabilitation, renovation, improvement, or addition to any land or building used as a residence or dwelling place. What parts of a home can a H.I. include? - ANS Any part of the home OR land (including basements, driveways, fences, garages, landscaping, patios, porches, sidewalks, swimming pools, and terraces.) What system installations are part of H.I.? (4) - A...

Normal body temperature - ANS 97.7 deg to 99.5 def F pulse rate for adults - ANS 60-100 beats per min pulse rate for children - ANS 70-120 beats per min systolic blood pressure - ANS pressure within arteries during cardiac contraction and should be less than 120 mm Hg diastolic pressure - ANS measured during relaxation of heart and should be less than 80 mm Hg normal respiration for adults - ANS 12 to 20 breaths per min norm...

Explain the meaning of pitch - ANS The table movement of the patient going through the gantry. The smaller the pitch the longer the scan time and increased patient dose there is. If the pitch is bigger then it can cause gaps and miss sections of the body that are needing to be imaged and also degrades contrast. What is the purpose of windowing (window level and window width) of a set of CT images? - ANS Allowing the certain tissue to be displayed while the other values (HU) ...

there are 3 main sources of PET artifacts, what are they? - ANS the operator (you), the scanner, and the patient true or false: PET requires much less operator interaction than SPECT - ANS true; most choices are part of the acquisition protocl as for the operator causing artifacts, how? - ANS artifacts can result in parameters & setting selected by the op. for the study" and poor QC practices as for artifacts from the scanner, what are the artifacts caused...

Well counter calibration - *quarterly* -A conversion process performed that allows the system to accurately interpret counts/pixel as activity/voxel. -Uses a known amount of radioactivity in a known volume of water in a phantom -Measure activity in dose calibrator & divide mean measured activity by mean calculated activity Why is homogeneity in the water phantom important? - -to have a uniform amount of the radionuclide, otherwise there'll be errors in the well counter calibration Me...

The exposure rate of an activity of 1 millicurie (mCi) measured at 1 centimeter (cm) is called - ANS - The exposure rate constant (ERC) For positron emitters, the exposure rate constant (ERC) is about 6 R/h per millicurie at 1 cm. The exposure rate of a 10 mCi dose of F-18 is approximately six times greater than that of a 10 mCi dose of Tc-99 m at a distance of approxi- mately 8 inches. Quantitative bias that refers to the underestimation of counts density which differs from what th...

What is "rest mass"? ANS - Particle has no kinetic energy What is the minimum energy for Pair Production to occur? ANS - 1.022 MeV Positron range is affected by... ANS - matter density, particle energy, particle mass Which isotope has the poorest image resolution? ANS - Rb-82 Which of the following (neutron, proton, electron, gamma) has the greatest rest energy? ANS - Neutron Who discovered and named the positron? ANS - Carl Anderson In the...

How do you correct for attenuation? - ANS CT AC Map Cs137/Ge68 Transmisson Why is CT better for attenuation correction in PET? - ANS Decrease noise on attenuation map Decrease acquisition time Better anatomic info. How are x-rays produced? - ANS Bremsstrahlung radiation - (braking radiation) A charged particle interacts with an atom by entering the electron shell, slowing down, and changing direction before exiting the electron shell. The atom emits the Brems ...

SUV - ANS Standard uptake value. based on dose and body weight order of PET/CT - ANS Scout, CT, PET Target isotope for F-18 - ANS O-18 O-15 halflife - ANS 2 minutes N-13 - ANS 10minutes C-11 - ANS 20minutes F-18 - ANS 110minutes Rb-82 - ANS 75seconds HVL for positron - ANS 4.2mm LOR - ANS line of response BGO - ANS highest stopping power NaI(Tl) - ANS hig...

mR/hr - ANS The device used for receipt of a radioactive package must read in what measurement? Rb-82 - ANS What isotope is taken up into mytocytes by a sodium/potassium ATP transporter? Well counter (absolute activity) - ANS On a full ring detector PET scanner individual crystal elements are brought to the same detection sensitivity by which calibration? Cerebral mets may be masked by the intense FDG accumulation in normal cerebral cortex - ANS In ro...

What is PET? - ANS Positron emission tomography, creates functional images of metabolic processes by allowing investigation at the cellular level What is CT? - ANS Computed tomography, creates anatomical images used for attenuation correction of PET images and for anatomic correlation What are lines of response? - ANS In conventional PET imaging, coincidence event is recorded as the line connecting the 2 detectors. Does not record information about where along th...

4 things you need to know before getting started - ANS 1. Correct patient with 2 identifiers 2. Medical History 3.Protocol Ordered 4.Reason for the exam What are the 4 main components of a PET/CT scan? - ANS 1. FDG amount 2. Injection site 3. Uptake period 4. Imaging protocol The amount needed for optimal images mostly depends on the type of __________ ________ in the scanner. - ANS detector material 3 Options based on PATIENT SIZE (FDG Amount) - ANS ...

Which of the following radionuclides is not a positron emitter? - ANS C-14 When a neutron deficient nucleus emits a positron? - ANS atomic mass number is unchanged Which of the following has the shortest half life? - ANS Rb-82 When F-18 FDG is transported across most cell membranes? - ANS it is trapped in the cell and it is not further metabolized Which of the following will not affect the distribution of F-18 FDG on a PET image? - ANS Int...

What statement about mental illness is true? A. Mental illness is a matter of individual nonconformity with societal norms B. Mental illness is present when individual irrational and illogical behavior occurs C. Mental illness changes with culture, time in history, political system, and group defining it D. Mental illness is evaluated solely by considering individual control over behavior and appraisal of reality - ANS C Which statement best describes a major difference between a ...

The nurse caring for a hospitalized 8-year-old child being treated for right lower lobe pneumonia is providing teaching for the parents regarding the best positioning for improved lung aeration. The best recommendation by the nurse is: A. "Place child in the Trendelenberg position." B. "Place the child in a prone position." C. "Encourage your child to lie on the right side with the elevated head of the bed." D. "Encourage your child to lie on their left side with the elevated head o...

The nurse is caring for a client for removal of the pituitary gland. The nurse should be particularly of: a) Nasal Congestion b) Abdominal Tenderness c) Muscle Tetany d) Oliguria - ANS A - Nasal Congestion Removal of the pituitary gland is usually done by a transphenoidal approach, through the nose. Nasal congestion further interferes with the airway. Answers B, C, and D are not correct because they are not directly associated with the pituitary gland A client with cancer i...

Which trends in nursing are expected to influence nursing in the 21st century? Select all that apply. - ANS Higher client acuity in hospital and long-term settings ,Shift to community-based care ,Advancements in technology,Greater life expectancy A client has been involved in a motor vehicle crash and has multiple injuries. Which guiding principles of Florence Nightingale would assist this client's recuperation and health maintenance? Select all that apply. - ANS Clean air ...

60-year-old female presents with retrosternal chest pain and sweating. Repeated EKGs do not show ST elevation or Q waves. Serum troponin is 0.9. What is the most probable diagnosis? a. Noncardiac pain b. Aortic dissection c. NSTEMI d. STEMI - ANS c. NSTEMI the patient's EKG's do not exhibit acute changes but serum troponin is positive (normal <0.1). you can determine that this patient is having a NSTEMI What is the best assessment for identifying the presence, ...

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