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Progesterone is required for pregnancy survival. In pregnant cows, ewes, and mres, this hormone is supplied by - Answer placenta and corpus luteum non- return to estrus can be used as a sign or indication of pregnancy in all of the following animals except for ewe sow mare cow bitch - Answer bitch all of the following are true about fetal growth except for a-hemotrophic supply of nutrients to the fetus by the placenta becomes less important towards the end of gestation b-feta...

what is dependent for puberty? - Answer - maturation of the reproductive tract and HPG axis - genetics (species differences) - environment (nutrition, health, social cues, and photoperiods) how do we know if a male is fertile? - Answer 1) behavioral traits 2) first ejaculation 3) first ejaculation WITH spermatozoa 4) the ejaculate contains the correct threshold of sperm for fertilization when is the male reproductive tract done forming? - Answer by day 125 in utero, everythin...

What is a hormone? - Answer signaling molecules that modulate activity of a target tissue What is the determining factor of agricultural animal production efficiency? - Answer Reproduction List the methods of hormone delivery - Answer Classical endocrine Neuroendocrine Autocrine Paracrine Neurocrine Briefly discuss Ribiero's edit of the Neuroendocrine delivery mechanisms - Answer does not explicitly include circulation, can involve the portal system between the hypoth...

What is a hormone? - Answer signaling molecules that modulate the activity of a target tissue List and describe 5 types of endocrines signaling - Answer 1) Classical endocrine signaling: Hormone is secreted by an endocrine cell, enters the blood steam and binds to receptors in target tissue 2) Neuroendocrine: Hormone is released from a neuroendocrine cell into the blood and transported to target tissue 3) Autocrine: The cell secreting the hormone is the target cell 4) Paracrine: Horm...

Why study reproductive biology?* - Answer -reproduction is important for efficiency, which is important for food production -economic viability -reproduction plays a role in milk production because the female needs to give birth to a calf so she can lactate and produce milk -diseases might occur related to the reproductive system -animal reproductive models can be used for human reproductive research -hormones in livestock affect reproduction What are the opportunities in reproductive...

is the biological sex of an embryo already determined? - Answer yes because it will always contain an XX or XY When do the forming sperm cells go from 2n (XY) to n (X or Y) - Answer the secondary spermatocyte is the first cell that isn't 2n in the spermatogenesis what are diploid and haploid cells - Answer diploid = 2n haploid = n are somatic and germ cells diploid or haploid cells - Answer diploid What are totipotent cells - Answer cells capable to differentiate i...

What is the pregnancy status of low progesterone? - Answer Not pregnant What is the cyclicity status of low progesterone? - Answer Not cycling What is the pregnancy status of high progesterone? - Answer Pregnant What is the cyclicity status of high progesterone? - Answer cycling What are the progesterone levels of a cow in heat? - Answer low progesterone What are PAGs? - Answer pregnancy-associated glycoproteins, and are used for the detection of pregnancy Wha...

Largest cost in Dairy Heifer Production? - Answer Nutrition/Feeding 2nd Largest Cost in Dairy Heifer Production? - Answer Replacement Heifers When is Timed AI good? - Answer When estrous detection is less than 70% because timed AI does not require ED When do we want puberty in dairy heifers? - Answer 9-10 months of age/260-280 kg, feeding and body weight are important factors for onset of puberty When do we want 1st AI? - Answer 3rd estrous When do we want pregnancy...

What is the close up period? (Cows) - Answer last 3 weeks before calving - moved to maternity pens why do reproductive management strategies change according to categories? - Answer the reproductive scenarios are different to fit the needs of the animals - heifers = still growing lactating cow = in process of lactation define puberty within dairy cows - Answer first ovulation followed by a REGULAR luteal phase most important factor to puberty - Answer body weight - h...

Conceptus - Answer embryo or fetus + extra embryonic membranes Ootid - Answer fertilized egg with two pronuclei Blastomere - Answer embryonic development starts with cellular divisions (cleavage) into cells called Morula - Answer will then undergo first round of cell differentiation and formation of ICM and trophectoderm ICM - Answer inner cell mass: will from embryo proper Trophectoderm - Answer will form structure around blastocyst = placenta Hatching proces...

1) What is folliculogenesis? 2) How does the oocyte develop? * - Answer 1) formation and development of ovarian follicles, which are endocrine structures that participate in the coordination of reproductive cycles and support the development of the female germ cell-the oocyte 2) oogenesis 1) What is oogenesis? 2) Oogenesis begins during? 3) What are the four phases of oogenesis?* - Answer 1) a protracted process that encompasses the differentiation and release of a mature oocyte for...

embryonic period of developmental biology - Answer d0-42 in cattle starts w/formation of zygote after fertilization - morulation: morula formation by cleavage of zygote - blastulation: formation of blastocyst, ICM forms embryonic disk, rest if trophectoderm, conceptus elognates when trophectoderm proliferates - gastrulation: formation of germ cell layers ends w/formation of basic structure of organs fetal period of developmental biology - Answer d43-278 (birth) in cows growth, ...

What characterizes an Ootid to go to a Zygote and what is this process called - Answer fusion of the two nuclei to one. called Syngamy What characterizes the change from a Zygote to a 2 cell embryo - Answer the one cell embryo will undergo cleavage and become a 2 cell What are 7 stages of early embryonic development - Answer 1. Ootid 2. Zygote 3. 2-cell embryo 4. Morula 5. Early blastocyst 6. Hatching Blastocyst 7. Hatched blastocyst What characterizes a morula - Answer ...

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most concentrated source of energy (2x as much as carbs or proteins by mass) - Answer fats provide a quick source of energy (ex: starch, glycogen) - Answer carbohydrates provide 9 essential amino acids - Answer proteins when stomach swells from a lack of proteins - Answer kwashiorkor have to be obtained from food and liquids (ex: sodium, calcium, iron, iodine) - Answer minerals vitamin produced in large intestine - Answer Vitamin K vitamin produced b...

Process of Science - Answer Observe/Gather data > Formulate a testable/falsifiable hypothesis > Conduct the test/experiment > Analyze results, gauge significance > If hypothesis falsified, modify your predictions > conclusions Potential reasons for difference in experimental results - Answer differences in sample populations, variables controlled for, bias, differences in experimental technique, differences in statistical analyses Independent Variable - Answer Varia...

testes - Answer sperm production scrotum 95 degrees seminiferous tubules because the body is 98.6 degrees and the sperm will die at that heat - Answer Why does the scrotum have to be outside of the body? seminiferous tubules - Answer Where exactly does sperm production take place in the testes? Epididymus - Answer What is the duct called that sperm enters after leaving and causes the testes become motile? Vas Deferens - Answer What is the tube that carries sperm ...

Are offspring that are produced by sexual reproduction genetically identical or unique to the parents? - Answer unique to parents When the egg and sperm unite, the fused cell is a called a _____________________. - Answer zygote Which cell division replaces dead and damaged cells in our body? - Answer mitosis How many daughter cells are produced by mitosis? - Answer 2 How many daughter cells are produced in meiosis? - Answer 4 Which phase of meiosis does the homologo...

homeostasis - Answer stable internal operating conditions within the body - temperature - blood pH - Answer examples of homeostasis integument - Answer protective outer covering of the body (1st layer exposed to outside conditions) - protection - helps control internal temperature - sensory receptors detect environmental stimuli - Answer functions of the integument - abrasion - bacterial attacks - ultraviolet radiation - dehydration - Answer the integument prote...

Which of the follow is a question that is most appropriately addressed by science? - Answer Are masks effective at limiting the spread of illness? You got out to start your car, but it doesn't start. "Your friend says, your batter is dead." Your friend has just started a _________. - Answer Best guess: conclusive remark When scientist use the word "theory", they mean: - Answer A broad explanation for a wide range of phenomena based on evidence Which of the follow...