Brainarium

World Event taking place due to negative human impact on biodiversity - Going into the world's 6th mass extinction event. current extinction rates are between 10 and 100 times higher than those estimated from the fossil record Vast Number in species of life - There are between 1.5 and 2 million named species of living things on earth. Plants-300,000 Fungi-100,000 Bacteria and Protista-100,000 Vertebrates-50,000 Insects- 950,000 Ecosystem Services - Something such as oxygen, fresh water, o...

Lymph - not blood, forms from fluid between cells, travels in vessels of lymphatic system and ends up mixing in with blood pulmonary circulation - right atrium and ventricle pump de-oxygenated blood to lungs, o2 gained and co2 lost in lungs, Levels of organization - atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, people Homeostasis - maintaining a constant internal environment w changes in activities Pathophysiology - understanding our body's disease mechanisms Composition of Bl...

What is the peer review process and why is it essential? - a form of scientific quality control, where scientists open their research to the scrutiny of other experts in the field (peers). By reviewing and criticising each others' work, scientists aim to ensure that only original and sound research is published and recognised. FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) in females triggers development of the _______ ________ - primary oocyte Theory - -Powerful explanations for a wide range of phen...

Molecules that are composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms and provide energy for life processes are called - organic nutrients The term ___________________ describes the loss of organization, as described by the Second Law of Thermodynamics. - entropy Based on the First Law of Thermodynamics, select all of the following that apply to energy. - Energy can be transferred. Energy can be transformed. the __________________ Law of Thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed...

Proteins can be labeled with radioactivity in order to trace their pathway through a living cell. Choose the one list from below that represents the correct pathway of an antibody protein produced by an immune system B cell. The pathway would start where they are made inside the cell to the point where they exit the cell to enter the lymphatic or circulatory system. - ribosomes > rough ER > vesicles > Golgi apparatus > vesicles > cell membrane (Protein production always starts...

What generally occurs in the M phase? - Duplicated nuclear contents of parent cell is equally distributed to daughter cells What are the two important processes? - Growth and cell division (Interphase and M phase) Humans become trillions of cells because of? - Cellular reproduction Cellular reproduction continues as we grow to do what? - Replace worn out or damaged tissues/cells Genetic material of organisms composed of chromatin? - Chromosomes In prep for cellular division, chromosomes ...

1. A scientific theory is one that: a. sounds the most plausible. b. is supported by many years of experimentation all supporting the hypothesis. c. changes each time a different observation is made. d. is the result of all scientific experiments. e. is based on hunches with no actual supporting evidence. - d. is the result of all scientific experiments. 2. After generating a hypothesis, a scientist next: a. makes a prediction. b. writes a grant proposal. c. does an experiment. d. for...

PMY 302 EXAM PACKAGE DEAL QUESTIONS & ANSWERS RATED A+

Desmopressin MOA - activates V2 receptors in the kidney's collecting ducts, reabsorbing water into plasma and concentrating the urine (prevents water from leaving the body) Octreotide Acetate and Lanreotide Therapeutic effects - suppresses GH hypersecretions, reduces pituitary adenoma overgrowth, and normalizing levels of GH and IGF-1 Somatropin Drug Class - Synthetic recombinant human growth hormone Somatropin/Somatrem dosing - Daily dosing dependent and adjusted to individual clinical r...

how do agonists binding to receptors alter cellular processes and cha/nge cellular phenotype - alter expression level of protein and the turnover number of the enzyme stereospecificity - most drugs are asymmetric (chiral or optically active); one stereoisomers binds with much greater affinity to the specific receptor pharmacology - study of all compounds that interact with the body pharmacodynamics - what a drug does to the body. Includes the molecular mechanisms by which a drug acts phar...

transdermal skin patch - medicine diffuses through rate controlling membrane and absorbed into the skin idiosyncratic response - rapid, unpredictable, not dose related but immune mediated. (Epi-Pen) due to genetic or metabolic abnormality occurs first exposure. Pharmacology - study of properties and reaction of drugs pharmacokinetics - movement of drug throughout the body absorption, distribution, biotransformation(metabolism) and excretion pharmacodynamics - receptor binding , signal tra...

On Target ADR - Warfarin is an example. This is a blood thinner so you are prone to stroke. It is doing what it's suppose to be doing, but because it thins your blood you are prone to stroke. (Doing what it should do, but too well maybe...adverse event due to therapeutic action of drug) Allergic Reaction - Nerve occurs on first response (because allergic reaction is a response built up by immune system, so upon first exposure to drug it does not have adverse response. but immune response u...

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) - Antidepressant Inhibit activity of MAOs to stop them from breaking down 5HT, NE in synapse and stores, irreversible, takes a few weeks to replace Side effects: Bad reaction with tyramine rich foods "wine-cheese interaction" fatal (MAO-A drugs only) Meperidine (Demerol) - Strong opioid agonist Uses: Preoperative medication, acute pain, child birth Short duration of action, only used in codeine allergic patients Chlorpheniramine - antihistamine 1st ...

principal determinants of BP - arterial pressures (CO X peripheral resistances) and Cardiac outputs (heart rate, myocardial contractility, blood volumes and venous returns) life style modifications available to tx hypertension - weight loss, sodium regulations, DASH diets, alcohol restriction, aerobic exercises and smoking cessation consequences of hypertension - myocardial infarction, heart failure and angina development, kidney disease risk, stroke and arterial pressure rising hypertensi...

therefore, increase CO but doesn't change BP bc not much effect on B2 albuterol - B-AR agonist Affinity: B2>>>> B1 Examples of drug/food- drug interactions in Type A ADRS - viagra and nitrates - severe hypotension warfarin and heparin - bleeding alcohol and acetaminophen - increase CYP2E1 toxin grapefruit - inhibits C450 which inc plasma drug conc Benadryl vs Advil PM minodoxil - treat hypertension but topically used for hair growth loniten vs rogaine Examples of Type A A...

urinary system (renal) - Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body. Regulates water, electrolyte and acid-base balance of the blood. endocrine system - Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells. Muscular System - enables movement of the body and internal organs cardiovascular system - The transport system of the body responsible for carrying oxygen and nutrients to the body and carrying away carbon dioxide an...

When you go outside on a hot summer day, your body temperature heats up above the normal range. Receptors in your brain detect the change in body temperature. The brain activates nerve cells that send messages to sweat glands, causing the body temperature to fall as the sweat evaporates from the skin. What part of this feedback loop is the stimulus? a) Increased body temperature b) Nerve cells c) Brain d) Sweat glands - a) Increased body temperature The point of the shoulder is also know...

found in white columns; bundles of mostly myelinated axons; relay information in same direction - tracts generally innervates the posterior region of the body: deep muscles, skin, and structures of the upper and lower limbs, and the trunk - dorsal ramus a longitudinal groove on the posterior/dorsal side of the spinal cord - posterior median sulcus deeper groove on anterior/ventral side of the spinal cord - anterior median fissure thin, conical spinal cord below lumbar enlargement - conus m...

NPN 106 EXAM PACKAGE DEAL QUESTIONS & ANSWERS RATED A+

A patient with no chronic illnesses or major disability needs help with bathing, dressing, and taking medications; the patient also needs meals provided. Which residential care facility does the licensed practical nurse/licensed vocational nurse (LPN/LVN) expect will be recommended by the health-care provider as the best fit for this patient? - Assisted living facility A nursing unit is having problems communicating and working as a team, which is negatively affecting patient care. Which ev...